Annals of epidemiology
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Annals of epidemiology · Dec 2020
Dual use of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age neonates.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of cigarette smoking and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use during pregnancy on small for gestational age (SGA). ⋯ Our results in a population representative sample are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to both maternal cigarette smoking and ENDS use increased the risk of SGA. Dual users still had an elevated risk of SGA after smoking cessation.
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Annals of epidemiology · Dec 2020
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of patients with COVID-19 in a large data set from Mexico.
The purpose of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Mexico, given that it currently is in active community transmission. ⋯ A more vulnerable positive patient is depicted by a male patient, older than 41 years, which increases their risk with more prevalent comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Some implications on outcomes are discussed.
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Annals of epidemiology · Nov 2020
Race in association with physical and mental health among former professional American-style football players: findings from the Football Players Health Study.
Race differences in health are pervasive in the United States. American-style football players are a racially diverse group with social status and other benefits that may reduce health disparities. Whether race disparities in health exist among former professional football players, and whether they differ by era of play, is unknown. ⋯ Social and economic advantages of playing professional football did not appear to equalize race disparities in health.
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Annals of epidemiology · Nov 2020
Black/African American Communities are at highest risk of COVID-19: spatial modeling of New York City ZIP Code-level testing results.
The population and spatial characteristics of COVID-19 infections are poorly understood, but there is increasing evidence that in addition to individual clinical factors, demographic, socioeconomic, and racial characteristics play an important role. ⋯ Areas with large proportions of black/African American residents are at markedly higher risk that is not fully explained by characteristics of the environment and pre-existing conditions in the population.
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Annals of epidemiology · Sep 2020
Protocol for a national probability survey using home specimen collection methods to assess prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody response.
The U.S. response to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has been hampered by early and ongoing delays in testing for infection; without data on where infections were occurring and the magnitude of the epidemic, early public health responses were not data-driven. Understanding the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and immune response is critical to developing and implementing effective public health responses. Most serological surveys have been limited to localities that opted to conduct them and/or were based on convenience samples. Moreover, results of antibody testing might be subject to high false positive rates in the setting of low prevalence of immune response and imperfect test specificity. ⋯ In addition to providing robust estimates of prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune experience, we anticipate this study will establish a replicable methodology for home-based SARS-CoV-2 testing surveys, address concerns about selection bias, and improve positive predictive value of serology results. Prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune experience produced by this study will greatly improve our understanding of the spectrum of COVID-19 disease, its current penetration in various demographic, geographic, and occupational groups, and inform the range of symptoms associated with infection. These data will inform resource needs for control of the ongoing epidemic and facilitate data-driven decisions for epidemic mitigation strategies.