Annals of epidemiology
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Annals of epidemiology · Nov 2017
Comparative StudyChildhood physical and sexual abuse experiences associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among pregnant women.
We sought to evaluate the extent to which childhood physical and/or sexual abuse history is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during early pregnancy and to explore the extent to which the childhood abuse-PTSD association is mediated through, or modified by, adult experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). ⋯ Childhood abuse is associated with increased odds of PTSD during early pregnancy. The odds of PTSD were particularly elevated among women with a history of childhood abuse and IPV. Efforts should be made to prevent childhood abuse and mitigate its effects on women's mental health.
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Annals of epidemiology · Sep 2017
Opioid dosing trends over eight years among US Veterans with musculoskeletal disorders after returning from service in support of recent conflicts.
To examine long-term opioid dosing trends among Veterans with chronic pain. ⋯ The average daily dose of opioid prescriptions and the likelihood of high-dose prescribing to these Veterans appeared to increase from 2002 to 2006, then remained relatively stable through 2009. Veterans on opioid prescriptions for extended duration or with mental health diagnoses tend to receive higher dose therapy.
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Annals of epidemiology · Jun 2017
Individual- and neighborhood-level contextual factors are associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission: genotypic clustering of cases in Michigan, 2004-2012.
Using genotyping data of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from new cases reported to the tuberculosis (TB) surveillance program, we evaluated risk factors for recent TB transmission at both the individual- and neighborhood- levels among U.S.-born and foreign-born populations. ⋯ Interventions aimed at reducing TB incidence among foreign-born should focus on reducing reactivation of latent infection. However, reducing TB incidence among the U.S.-born will require decreasing transmission among socially disadvantaged groups at the individual- and neighborhood- levels. This report fills an important knowledge gap regarding the contemporary social context of TB in the United States, thereby providing a foundation for future studies of public health policies that can lead to the development of more targeted, effective TB control.
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Annals of epidemiology · May 2017
Trends in racial/ethnic disparities of new AIDS diagnoses in the United States, 1984-2013.
In the United States, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disproportionately impacts racial/ethnic minorities. We describe and evaluate trends in the Black-White and Hispanic-White disparities of new AIDS diagnoses from 1984 to 2013 in the United States. ⋯ Recent increases in racial/ethnic disparities of AIDS diagnoses were observed and may be due in part to care continuum inequalities. We suggest assessing disparities in AIDS diagnoses as a high-level measure to capture changes at multiple stages of the care continuum collectively. Future research should examine determinants of racial/ethnic differences at each step of the continuum to better identify characteristics driving disparities.
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Annals of epidemiology · Oct 2016
Comparative StudySepsis surveillance from administrative data in the absence of a perfect verification.
Past studies of sepsis epidemiology did not address misclassification bias due to imperfect verification of sepsis detection methods to estimate the true prevalence. ⋯ The true prevalence of sepsis remained high, but stable despite an increase in the sensitivity of sepsis-explicit codes in administrative data.