The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
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To examine how saturation of an adolescent's environment with models of cigarette smoking (e.g., parents, siblings, friends) affects the probability of tobacco and alcohol use among junior high and high school students. ⋯ As the number of cigarette smokers in an adolescent's environment increases, risk of tobacco and alcohol use increases substantially. These data suggest that multiple models of tobacco use will substantially increase risk for substance use in adolescents.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Assessing health risk behaviors among adolescents: the effect of question wording and appeals for honesty.
To understand how methodological factors influence prevalence estimates of health-risk behaviors obtained from surveys, we examined the effect of varying question wording and honesty appeals while holding other aspects of the surveys constant. ⋯ When population, setting, questionnaire context, mode of administration, and data-editing protocols are held constant, differences in question wording can create statistically significant differences in some prevalence estimates. Varying honesty appeals does not have an effect on prevalence estimates.
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Comparative Study
A cross-national comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: the United States and Australia.
To compare risk and protective factors that influence youth substance use in Australia and the United States. The two countries have different policy orientations toward substance use: Australia has adopted harm-reduction policies, and the United States has adopted abstinence-focused policies. ⋯ Inter-country influences on youth substance use are generally similar despite different policy directions. Existing differences suggest that the abstinence policy context is associated with higher levels of illicit drug use and stronger relations between individual indicators of social detachment and substance use, whereas the harm reduction policy context is related to more cigarette and alcohol use, possibly from exposure to normative influences that are more tolerant of youth drug use.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Knowledge of sleep in Italian high school students: pilot-test of a school-based sleep educational program.
To evaluate knowledge about sleep and the effect of a sleep educational program on a group of Italian adolescents. ⋯ Sleep educational programs for secondary students are recommended to improve information about sleep.