Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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The goal of this study was to assess changes in the resting-state networks (RSNs) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) after a cognitive rehabilitation program (CRP), by retrospectively analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using the classical block design. ⋯ Results obtained using a pseudo-RS approach to analyze data from block-design fMRI studies suggest that a CRP of 5 weeks' duration induces measurable changes in specific RSNs of patients with MS.
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A relatively high intraindividual variability of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain volume loss (BVL) measurements over time renders challenging its application to individual multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Objective of this study was to investigate if high-frequency brain MRI monitoring affects identification of pathological BVL in an individual patient. ⋯ High-frequency MRI monitoring may have a considerable effect on improving the precision of precisely identifying pathological BVL in individual patients. However, limitations in translation to clinical practice remain.
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Persistent hyperextension of the fetal craniocervical junction or neck is one of several fetal positions commonly observed on prenatal imaging. Underlying fetal structural etiologies such as fetal neck masses and iniencephaly can be detected as causes of hyperextension. Caesarean delivery is considered in cases of vaginal delivery or obstructed labor for fear of cervical spinal cord injury. In this case series, we describe the prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and their potential role in obstetric management and discuss postnatal outcomes in fetuses demonstrating prenatal imaging findings of persistent extreme hyperextension of the neck. ⋯ Detailed, high-resolution fetal MRI may serve as a valuable secondary imaging modality for clinical decision making regarding management of pregnancy, in utero therapy, mode of delivery, and postnatal care.
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Comparative Study
Analysis of Brain SPECT Images Coregistered with MRI in Patients with Epilepsy: Comparison of Three Methods.
SISCOM and STATISCOM were clinically proved to be effective for ictal/inter-ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) analysis coregistered with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for seizure localization. Recently, a software package also became available for this analysis. This study aimed to investigate and compare the performance of these analysis methods for seizure localization. ⋯ Our study demonstrated that STATISCOM showed the best performance for seizure localization, which was closely followed by MIMneuro. In addition, MIMneuro was not inferior to SISCOM with either z-score.
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As part of its technological sophistication, the International Space Station (ISS) Program operates a robust medical surveillance schedule for its rotating 6-person crew to control the known health risks and to address knowledge gaps related to human health in space flight environment. Recent evidence on visual impairment in a subset of ISS crew has renewed the interest in the effects of long-duration space flight on the central nervous system (CNS). Through retrospective analysis in a sample of 10 healthy astronauts, we demonstrate the utility of multimodal quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based customized brain templates to examine the structural attributes of various CNS compartments in this occupational group. ⋯ The novelty of this exploratory report is in the demonstration of a qMRI toolset as a potential capability for characterization and surveillance of unique professional groups, and for future prospective examinations of the effects of various long-term exposures on CNS.