Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with connectivity changes in the default mode, central executive, and salience networks, and other brain regions. This study evaluated changes in network connectivity associated with usage of High-resolution, relational, resonance-based electroencephalic mirroring (HIRREM® ; Brain State Technologies, Scottsdale, AZ), a closed-loop, allostatic, acoustic stimulation neurotechnology, for military-related traumatic stress. ⋯ Use of closed-loop, allostatic, acoustic stimulation neurotechnology (HIRREM) was associated with connectivity changes in the default mode and sensorimotor networks, in directions that may have explained the subjects' clinical improvements.
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Gliosarcoma (GSC) is an intra-axial lesion which often abuts a dural margin and is composed of glial and mesenchymal elements. This lesion is considered a variant of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild type glioblastoma (GBM). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the imaging and molecular features of GSC in a large patient cohort. ⋯ GSC was IDH(-) in all cases, supporting the current understanding of this lesion being a wild-type GBM variant. Additional molecular markers demonstrated no significant correlation with imaging findings in this cohort.
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Measuring head circumference (HC) in infants is an easy screening procedure with which to detect abnormalities in brain growth. It has been demonstrated that HC can predict total brain volume (TBV) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. However, the correlation between HC and TBV was weaker than that observed in healthy term-born toddlers, suggesting that there are factors that influence the relationship between HC and TBV. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical risk factors that caused a deviation from the regression line obtained between HC and TBV. ⋯ Although HC has predictive value for TBV in VLBW infants, care should be taken in infants with low BBW (BBW less than 600 g) or dolichocephaly (MRI-based cranial index less than .68), which were related to overestimation of TBV.
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Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a demyelinating disorder with unique clinical challenges. A brief computer-administered cognitive screening battery measuring processing speed (Cogstate) and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS) detect cognitive impairment in POMS. The neuroanatomic correlates of these deficits are incompletely understood. The purpose of this study is to define the neuroanatomic underpinnings of deficits identified with cognitive screening batteries in POMS. ⋯ Computer-administered measures of cognitive processing are particularly sensitive in POMS and are closely linked to white matter FA.
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Teriflunomide reduces disability progression and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis patients. The exact mechanism of action by which teriflunomide exerts these effects is currently unknown. We assessed the effect of teriflunomide on brain glial cells in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) by using a histological approach in combination with neuroimaging. ⋯ Teriflunomide altered microglia density and oligodendrocytes differentiation, which was associated with less evident microstructural damage on MRI.