Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Measuring head circumference (HC) in infants is an easy screening procedure with which to detect abnormalities in brain growth. It has been demonstrated that HC can predict total brain volume (TBV) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. However, the correlation between HC and TBV was weaker than that observed in healthy term-born toddlers, suggesting that there are factors that influence the relationship between HC and TBV. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical risk factors that caused a deviation from the regression line obtained between HC and TBV. ⋯ Although HC has predictive value for TBV in VLBW infants, care should be taken in infants with low BBW (BBW less than 600 g) or dolichocephaly (MRI-based cranial index less than .68), which were related to overestimation of TBV.
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Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a demyelinating disorder with unique clinical challenges. A brief computer-administered cognitive screening battery measuring processing speed (Cogstate) and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS) detect cognitive impairment in POMS. The neuroanatomic correlates of these deficits are incompletely understood. The purpose of this study is to define the neuroanatomic underpinnings of deficits identified with cognitive screening batteries in POMS. ⋯ Computer-administered measures of cognitive processing are particularly sensitive in POMS and are closely linked to white matter FA.
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Teriflunomide reduces disability progression and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis patients. The exact mechanism of action by which teriflunomide exerts these effects is currently unknown. We assessed the effect of teriflunomide on brain glial cells in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) by using a histological approach in combination with neuroimaging. ⋯ Teriflunomide altered microglia density and oligodendrocytes differentiation, which was associated with less evident microstructural damage on MRI.
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To explore the potential for simplified measures of [11 C]PIB uptake to serve as a surrogate for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures, thereby, providing both pathological and functional information in the same scan. ⋯ Early PIB uptake has the potential to effectively serve as a surrogate for global and regional CBF measures. The simple and readily obtainable individual's SUVpeak value was the strongest predictor regionally and globally of CBF.
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To characterize the relationship between computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging characteristics of carotid artery and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score. ⋯ There is some concordance but not a perfect overlap between the 10-year ASCVD risk scores calculated from clinical and blood assessment and carotid artery imaging findings.