Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) frequently present with anxiety, depression, autonomic, and cognitive deterioration, which may indicate brain changes in regions that control these functions. However, the precise regional brain-injury in sites that regulate cognitive, autonomic, and mood functions in PAH remains unclear. We examined the shifts in regional gray matter (GM) volume, using high-resolution T1-weighted images, and brain tissue alterations, using T2-relaxometry procedures, in PAH compared to healthy subjects. ⋯ PAH patients showed significant GM injury and brain tissue changes in sites that regulate cognition, autonomic, and mood functions. These findings indicate a brain structural basis for functional deficits in PAH patients.
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Rabies encephalitis is a near-fatal zoonotic disease that is usually diagnosed on clinical grounds in conjunction with characteristic history. Owing to its rapidly progressive nature, imaging is seldom performed, and hence a description of imaging findings in rabies encephalitis is anecdotal and limited. ⋯ Knowledge of the broad imaging spectrum of rabies may expedite the diagnosis, especially the paralytic form, which is prone to clinical misdiagnosis as Guillain-Barre syndrome or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
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To determine whether cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) or brain irradiation in patients with primary brain tumor affects T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) signal intensity (SI) of the dentate nucleus (DN) in a pediatric cohort who had received consecutive macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (mcGBCA) gadobutrol. ⋯ Hyperintense T1WI signal in the DN may be seen in children with brain tumors undergoing brain irradiation, as well as in children with cALD.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential in the diagnosis of pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE), because patients with lesions detected by MRI have a better prognosis after surgery. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most frequent etiologies of PRE but can be difficult to identify by MRI. Voxel-based morphometric analysis programs, like the Morphometric Analysis Program (MAP), have been developed to help improve MRI detection. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of MAP in patients with PRE and an apparently normal MRI. ⋯ MAP was helpful in the detection of lesions in PRE patients with a nonlesional MRI, which could have important repercussions for the clinical management and postoperative prognosis of these patients.
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To describe MRI findings in Japanese macaque encephalomyelitis (JME) with emphasis on lesion characteristics, lesion evolution, normal-appearing brain tissue, and similarities to human demyelinating disease. ⋯ Intense, focal neuroinflammation is a key MRI finding in JME. Several features of JME compare directly to human inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Investigation of JME combined with the development and validation of noninvasive imaging biomarkers offers substantial potential to improve diagnostic specificity and contribute to the understanding of human demyelinating diseases.