Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Axonal injury is a key player of disability in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Yet, detecting and measuring it in vivo is challenging. The neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) proposes a novel framework for probing axonal integrity in vivo. NODDI at 3.0 Tesla was used to quantify tissue damage in pwMS and its relationship with disease progression. ⋯ NODDI is sensitive to tissue injury but its relationship with clinical progression remains limited.
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The ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) is a region crucial for reading acquisition through selective tuning to printed words. Developmental dyslexia is a disorder of reading with underlying neurobiological bases often associated with atypical neural responses to printed words. Previous studies have discovered anomalous structural development and function of the vOT in individuals with dyslexia. However, it remains unclear if or how structural abnormalities relate to functional alterations. ⋯ Our findings provide new insight into the neurobiology of the lack of vOT word tuning in dyslexia by linking behavior, alterations in functional activation, and neurite organization.
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High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) post-contrast imaging of the brain is essential for comprehensive evaluation of inflammatory, neoplastic, and neurovascular diseases of the brain. 3D T1-weighted spin-echo-based sequences offer increased sensitivity for the detection of enhancing lesions but are relatively prolonged examinations. We evaluated whether a highly accelerated Wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (Wave-CAIPI) post-contrast 3D T1-sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolutions (T1-SPACE) sequence (Wave-T1-SPACE) was noninferior to the standard high-resolution 3D T1-SPACE sequence for visualizing enhancing lesions with comparable diagnostic quality. ⋯ Our findings show that Wave-T1-SPACE was noninferior to standard T1-SPACE for visualization of enhancing pathology and overall diagnostic quality with a three-fold reduction in acquisition time compared to the standard sequence. Wave-T1-SPACE may be used to accelerate 3D post-contrast T1-weighted spin-echo imaging without loss of clinically important information.
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Meta Analysis Observational Study
Cyclical aspiration using a novel mechanical thrombectomy device is associated with a high TICI 3 first pass effect in large-vessel strokes.
Complete reperfusion (TICI 3) after the first thrombectomy attempt or first pass effect (FPE) is associated with best clinical outcomes in large-vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke. While endovascular therapy techniques have improved substantially, FPE remains low (24-30%), and new methods to improve reperfusion efficiency are needed. ⋯ Cyclical aspiration using the CLEARTM Aspiration System is safe, effective, and achieved a high TICI 3 FPE for large-vessel strokes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Tapentadol and oxycodone affect resting-state functional brain connectivity: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
The changes in functional brain connectivity induced by treatment with analgesics are poorly investigated. Unfortunately, results from clinical studies investigating treatments in patients with pain are often confounded by co-medication and comorbidity. Thalamus is central in sensory processing, and we hypothesized that functional connectivity between thalamus and other brain areas in healthy volunteers was different in treatment with oxycodone, representing a pure opioid, compared to treatment with tapentadol, which has a dual effect on the opioidergic and adrenergic systems. ⋯ This study has shown that the functional connectivity between thalamus and other brain areas central in pain processing was different for the tapentadol and oxycodone treatments compared to placebo. This supports that the two treatments exert different mechanism of action. Further studies with larger sample sizes need to be carried out in order to validate this.