Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Intra-arterial recanalization postprocedural imaging in stroke patients can result in diagnostic complications due to hyperdensities on noncontrast computed tomography (CT), which may represent either contrast extravasation or intracranial hemorrhage. If these lesions are hemorrhage, then they are risk factors becoming symptomatic, which, if not distinguished, can alter clinical management. We investigate the effects of iodinated contrast on postprocedural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prevalence of equivocal imaging interpretations of postprocedural extravasated contrast versus hemorrhage while identifying protocol pitfalls. ⋯ MRI done within 48 hours postprocedure can lead to false positive hemorrhage or false negative contrast extravasation interpretations in stroke patients possibly due to effects from the administered angiographic contrast. Additionally, MRI should be done both after 72 hours for confirmation and without gadolinium contrast as the effects of the gadolinium contrast and residual angiographic contrast could lead to misdiagnosis.
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Perfusion imaging is used for patient selection in clinical practice and trials. Postprocessing and definitions of tissue viability are nevertheless not standardized. We compared the lesion volumes generated with two well-recognized perfusion tissue definitions in a single-center phase 2 thrombolysis study. ⋯ Two commonly used tissue definitions generated significantly different lesion volumes and mismatch ratios. Threshold selection may have significant impact on patient selection for trials or reperfusion therapies.
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The natural history of optic pathway glioma (OPG) is highly variable and unpredictable. We present a pilot study of the prognostic role of conventional and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) in the evaluation of OPG. ⋯ DCE MRI accurately distinguished progressive and nonprogressive OPGs, with high sensitivities and specificities. DCE MRI has a significant prognostic role in predicting progressive OPGs, thus making it useful for the identification of patients who need close clinical and imaging follow-up.
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Glutamate levels may be informative about the declining neuronal health in the central nervous system. We used an advanced proton MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) protocol composed of semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) localization and FAST(EST)MAP shimming for detection of alterations in brain glutamate concentrations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. ⋯ The advanced sLASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming is a promising protocol for identifying glutamate alterations. Advanced 1 H-MRS protocols may add to the understanding of early Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology through detection of glutamate concentration in posterior cingulate gyri of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A Novel Semiautomated Pipeline to Measure Brain Atrophy and Lesion Burden in Multiple Sclerosis: A Long-Term Comparative Study.
Lesion burden and brain volume changes are frequent end points in research but nowadays are becoming important in the clinical practice of multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures obtained by in-house developed ScanView software and commonly used volumetric techniques for assessment of T2 lesion and whole brain volumes and their changes. ⋯ We found relatively strong correlations of cross-sectional and longitudinal data obtained by both techniques. However, SIENA showed lower intraindividual variability than the ScanView method in measuring whole brain volume loss over time.