Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Distinct injuries to various limbic white matter pathways have been reported to be associated with different aspects of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a noninvasive method to map tissue microstructural organization. We utilized quantitative magnetic resonance imaging methods to analyze the main limbic system-white matter structures in MS patients with cognitive impairment (CI). ⋯ The extent of disruption of microstructural disorganization in the main limbic pathways using DTI impacts the extent of CI seen in subjects with MS.
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The role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for preoperative grading and treatment planning of high-grade gliomas (HGG) is still debated since the assumption of inverse correlation between ADC and cellularity is not completely coherent with the results of some studies. It has been recently hypothesized that restricted diffusivity in HGG may be related to hypoxic/ischemic changes inside the tumor. We therefore investigated the differences of ADC values between areas with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) markers of hypoxia and necrosis (lactate and lipid compounds) and regions with lack of both metabolites. ⋯ HGG areas with MRS markers of hypoxia and necrosis are not associated with restricted diffusivity. To explain the trend to diffusion facilitation in HGG lactate-expressing regions, we hypothesize a possible hypoxia-induced volume reduction of glioma cells with extracellular shift of cytoplasmic water.
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Administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the computed tomography (CT) scanner has been recently implemented at our institution, as a means to decrease door-to-needle time. This change in protocol provided us a unique opportunity to visualize imaging signs of early recanalization. ⋯ Early recanalization of large-vessel occlusion after intravenous thrombolysis results in unique imaging findings.
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Intracranial hypertension develops in only some patients with lateral sinus thrombosis (LST), for reasons that are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a possible association between patency of the unaffected sinus and clinical presentation of unilateral LST. ⋯ Thrombosis was more common in the dominant LS. Unaffected LS patency appears to be associated with the development of increased ICP.
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Neck masses present as palpable lumps and bumps in children with acquired lesions more common than congenital ones. Assessment of the anatomical site of origin, signal, and contrast enhancement characteristics may help define the etiology of the lesions, eg, developmental, inflammatory, vascular, or neoplastic. ⋯ The correct final diagnosis is essential to guide treatment as well as the urgency of intervention. The objective of this review is to define the characteristic location, classic and differentiating imaging features of the most frequent congenital and acquired cervical lumps and bumps in the pediatric population.