Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Observational Study
Transorbital Sonography and Visual Outcome for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Optic Neuritis.
Transorbital sonography (TOS) is a promising tool to support the clinical diagnosis of optic neuritis (ON) by showing thickening of optic nerve. In this study, we aimed to define its specific role in follow-up of ON patients. ⋯ TOS is a useful tool to support diagnosis of ON. This technique seems to have less value to evaluate atrophy of the optic nerve after 12 months.
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Distinct injuries to various limbic white matter pathways have been reported to be associated with different aspects of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a noninvasive method to map tissue microstructural organization. We utilized quantitative magnetic resonance imaging methods to analyze the main limbic system-white matter structures in MS patients with cognitive impairment (CI). ⋯ The extent of disruption of microstructural disorganization in the main limbic pathways using DTI impacts the extent of CI seen in subjects with MS.
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Although high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) is considered optimal for the diagnosis of intracranial vertebral artery dissection (IVAD), it is not readily available for all patients with suspected IVAD. The purpose of our study was to determine the factor related to IVAD lesions that are not definitively diagnosed by conventional MRI. ⋯ HR-MRI may be useful for diagnosing IVAD without aneurysmal dilatation or with ipsilesional vertebral hypoplasia.
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Isolated lesions of the medulla oblongata are difficult to diagnose due to their rarity and high biopsy risk. Several individual case reports have been published, but a systematic descriptive study is lacking. Our study has three objectives that 1) provide a differential diagnosis, 2) describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and 3) propose a stepwise MRI-based approach to the isolated lesions of the medulla oblongata in nonstroke patients. ⋯ Neoplasms are the most common cause of isolated medullary lesions in nonstroke patients. Other differential diagnoses include vascular malformations, demyelinating/inflammatory lesions, and infections. A stepwise MRI-based approach can help differentiate between various etiologies.
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Neck masses present as palpable lumps and bumps in children with acquired lesions more common than congenital ones. Assessment of the anatomical site of origin, signal, and contrast enhancement characteristics may help define the etiology of the lesions, eg, developmental, inflammatory, vascular, or neoplastic. ⋯ The correct final diagnosis is essential to guide treatment as well as the urgency of intervention. The objective of this review is to define the characteristic location, classic and differentiating imaging features of the most frequent congenital and acquired cervical lumps and bumps in the pediatric population.