Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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The early prediction of hypoxic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest is challenging. Measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by using sonography is a straightforward, noninvasive technique to detect an increased intracranial pressure, which can even be conducted at the bedside. However, it remains unknown whether or not sonographic ONSD measurement is valuable as a prognostic indicator of hypoxic encephalopathy. ⋯ Sonographic ONSD measurement is a simple, rapid technique to assess the neurological prognosis after cardiac arrest.
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To determine if patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have a reduced brain stem cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to age- and sex-matched controls. The brain stem is a common site of involvement in MS. However, relatively few imaging studies have investigated brain stem atrophy. ⋯ A significantly reduced, normalized brain stem CSA was detected in all areas of the brain stem of the RRMS patients, when compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Lack of detectable upper cervical cord atrophy in the same patients suggests some independence of the MS pathology in these regions.
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Susceptibility weighted imaging and assessment of intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) morphology is used to identify high-grade glioma (HGG) in patients with suspected brain neoplasm. ⋯ Our findings indicate that ITSS-morphology is not a random phenomenon. Location of GB, as well as tumor volume, appear to be factors contributing to ITSS morphology.
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To characterize relations between configurations of the posterior part of the Circle of Willis (CoW) and the occurrence of unilateral thalamic infarction. ⋯ Assessment of CoW configuration on MRA may be helpful to understand the appearance of unilateral thalamic stroke independent from stroke etiology. A smaller diameter of the relevant CoW segment might be a risk factor for ipsilateral thalamic stroke in the corresponding thalamic vascular territory.
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A 41-year-old male presented with an acute onset of headache, confusion, seizures, and unilateral focal neurological deficit 25 years after receiving whole-brain radiation therapy to treat a cerebellar medulloblastoma. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a thick unilateral parieto-occipital cortical contrast enhancement. ⋯ Here, we describe the brain MR spectroscopy findings of SMART, showing a decrease in N-acetyl-aspartate and increased levels of creatine and choline, corresponding with neuronal destruction or transient neuronal impairment with mild nonspecific gliosis. The absence of a lactate peak suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction, vasospasm or ischemic mechanisms were not involved.