Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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The early prediction of hypoxic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest is challenging. Measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by using sonography is a straightforward, noninvasive technique to detect an increased intracranial pressure, which can even be conducted at the bedside. However, it remains unknown whether or not sonographic ONSD measurement is valuable as a prognostic indicator of hypoxic encephalopathy. ⋯ Sonographic ONSD measurement is a simple, rapid technique to assess the neurological prognosis after cardiac arrest.
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We sought to identify MRI factors associated with BBB changes at the acute stage of ischemic stroke. ⋯ BBB changes are exceptional during the first 3 hours after stroke onset. Delayed BBB alteration was associated with FLAIR positivity mainly reflecting vasogenic edema.
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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a modern intravascular imaging modality that has the capability to provide detailed, in vivo characterization of the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque. The current understanding of the appearance of atherosclerotic plaque via OCT is largely based on coronary arterial studies where OCT information has been employed to guide therapeutic management and permits the immediate evaluation of percutaneous intervention. The clinical success of OCT in the coronary arteries has laid the foundation for investigation of the carotid artery and thus, stroke risk assessment. We report the novel use of OCT for tissue characterization of severe stenosis subsequent to carotid artery stenting (CAS), both before and after treatment with cutting balloon angioplasty.
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To compare corpus callosum area (CCA) and corpus callosum index (CCI) in terms of feasibility and their performance as biomarkers for cognitive and physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). A secondary aim was to compare these two methods with volumetric measurements. ⋯ CCA is a time-effective and robust biomarker that has stronger correlations with both EDSS and information processing speed than CCI and volumetric measurements that are commonly used as outcome measures in MS research and clinical trials.
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To determine if patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have a reduced brain stem cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to age- and sex-matched controls. The brain stem is a common site of involvement in MS. However, relatively few imaging studies have investigated brain stem atrophy. ⋯ A significantly reduced, normalized brain stem CSA was detected in all areas of the brain stem of the RRMS patients, when compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Lack of detectable upper cervical cord atrophy in the same patients suggests some independence of the MS pathology in these regions.