Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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In deep brain stimulation (DBS), accurate electrode placement is essential for optimizing patient outcomes. Localizing electrodes enables insight into therapeutic outcomes and development of metrics for use in clinical trials. Methods of defining anatomical targets have been described with varying accuracy and objectivity. To assess variability in anatomical targeting, we compare four methods of defining an appropriate target for DBS of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease. ⋯ All methods were similarly discordant in their relative accuracy, despite having significant technical differences in their application. The differing protocols and technical aspects of each method, however, have the implication that one may be more practical depending on the clinical or research application at hand.
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Free-water-corrected diffusion tensor imaging (FW-DTI), a new analysis method for diffusion MRI, can indicate neuroinflammation and degeneration. There is increasing evidence of autoimmune etiology in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We used FW-DTI and conventional DTI to investigate microstructural brain changes related to autoantibody titers in patients with ME/CFS. ⋯ These results demonstrate the value of using DTI to assess the microstructure of ME/CFS. The abnormalities of right frontal operculum may be a diagnostic marker for ME/CFS.
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Cerebral hypoperfusion has been described in both severe and mild forms of symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. ⋯ In this study, lower WM CBF, as well as widespread regional CBF changes identified using quantitative MRI, was found in mild COVID-19 patients. Further studies are needed to determine the reliability of this newly identified COVID-19 brain imaging marker and determine what drives these CBF changes.
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Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) is a malformation of cortical development diagnosed via MRI. Currently, patients with SBH are classified according to Di Donato's classification. We aimed to show a variation of SBH and the usefulness of double inversion recovery (DIR) images. ⋯ DIR is a useful MRI sequence for detecting faint white matter signal abnormalities, and it can aid in the accurate classification of SBH and identification of its variations, which may reflect the pathology of SBH.
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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is potentially associated with treatment-related toxicities mainly consisting of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune-effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). We evaluated brain metabolic correlates of CRS with and without ICANS in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with CAR-T. ⋯ Patients with ICANS are characterized by a frontolateral hypometabolic signature coherently with the hypothesis of ICANS as a predominant frontal syndrome and with the more prominent susceptibility of frontal lobes to cytokine-induced inflammation.