Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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MRI enables detailed in vivo depiction of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Localized areas of MS damage, commonly referred to as lesions, or plaques, have been a focus of clinical and research MRI studies for over four decades. A nonplaque MRI abnormality which is present in at least 25% of MS patients but has received far less attention is diffusely abnormal white matter (DAWM). ⋯ Given the prevalence and potential clinical impact of DAWM, the number of imaging studies focusing on DAWM is insufficient. Characterization of DAWM significance and microstructure would benefit from larger longitudinal and additional quantitative imaging efforts. Revisiting data from previous studies that included proton density and T2 imaging would enable retrospective DAWM identification and analysis.
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Diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant (DHGs-G34m), are newly recognized malignant brain tumors characterized by histone gene mutations. However, the neuroradiologic characteristics of these tumors require elucidation. We reviewed the demographic, clinical, and neuroradiological features of DHGs-G34m. ⋯ DHGs-G34m occur most often in the supratentorial regions of adolescents. Prognosis varies among patients. Evaluation of tumor margins may provide prognostic value.
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People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) present a complex array of immunologic and medical disorders that impact brain structure and metabolism, complicating the interpretation of neuroimaging. This pilot study of well-characterized multi-morbid PWH examined how medical and immunologic factors predicted brain characteristics on proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). ⋯ 1H-MRS neurometabolites were most often predicted by immunologic factors sensitive to temporal variation, whereas DWI metrics were more often related to longer-term disease state. In multi-morbid cART-era populations, selection and interpretation of neuroimaging modalities should account for complex temporal and pathogenetic influences of immunologic abnormality, disease state, and aging.
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Ischemic diffusion-weighted imaging-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (DWI-FLAIR) mismatch may be useful in guiding acute stroke treatment decisions given its relationship to onset time and parenchymal viability; however, it relies on subjective grading. Radiomics is an emerging image quantification methodology that may objectively represent continuous image characteristics. We propose a novel radiomics approach to characterize DWI-FLAIR mismatch. ⋯ Radiomics can describe DWI-FLAIR mismatch and may provide objective, continuous biomarkers for infarct evolution using clinical-grade images. These novel biomarkers may prove useful for treatment decisions and future research.
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To examine whether feature-fusion (FF) method improves single-shot detector's (SSD's) detection of small brain metastases on contrast-enhanced (CE) T1-weighted MRI. ⋯ The FF-SSD algorithm identified brain metastases on CE T1-weighted MRI with high accuracy.