Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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The first pass effect has been reported as a mechanical thrombectomy (MT) success metric in patients with large vessel occlusive stroke. We aimed to compare the clinical and neuroimagign outcomes of patients who had favorable recanalization (mTICI 2c or mTICI 3) achieved in one pass versus those requiring multiple passes. ⋯ The first-pass reperfusion was associated with a trend toward favorable clinical outcome and lower rates of ICH. These data suggest that the first-pass effect should be the mechanical thrombectomy procedure goal.
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Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optical brain-imaging technique that detects changes in hemoglobin concentration in the cerebral cortex. fNIRS devices are safe, silent, portable, robust against motion artifacts, and have good temporal resolution. fNIRS is reliable and trustworthy, as well as an alternative and a complement to other brain-imaging modalities, such as electroencephalography or functional magnetic resonance imaging. Given these advantages, fNIRS has become a well-established tool for neuroscience research, used not only for healthy cortical activity but also as a biomarker during clinical assessment in individuals with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and cancer screening. Owing to its wide applicability, studies on fNIRS have increased exponentially over the last two decades. ⋯ University of Tübingen in Germany has produced the most trending papers since 2000. USA was the most prolific country with the most active institutions, followed by China, Japan, Germany, and South Korea. The results also revealed global trends in emerging areas of research, such as neurodevelopment, aging, and cognitive and emotional assessment.
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Hoarseness is a common symptom indicating an abnormal change in the quality of voice and has a lifetime prevalence of around 30%. There are multiple causes of hoarseness, ranging from acute laryngitis, chronic laryngitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, functional dysphonia due to vocal overuse or abuse, vocal cord paralysis (VCP), to various pathologies and masses in the larynx. A detailed history and thorough physical examination, and in many cases, laryngoscopy by a clinician are the initial steps in its management. ⋯ Typical findings of VCP are ipsilateral dilatation of the pyriform sinus and laryngeal ventricle, thickening and medialization of the ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold, medialization of the arytenoid cartilage and posterior aspect of the true vocal cord (TVC) atrophy of the TVC, and loss of the subglottic arch. The lesions causing the VCP may extend from the medulla, jugular foramen, carotid space, and upper mediastinum. CT neck must cover the aorticopulmonary window when evaluating the left VCP to cover the left recurrent laryngeal nerve's origin.
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Prenatal ultrasound (US) is the first prenatal imaging tool for screening and evaluation of posterior fossa malformations since it is noninvasive, widely available, and safe for both mother and child. Fetal MRI is a widely used secondary technique to confirm, correct, or complement questionable US findings and plays an essential role in evaluating fetuses with suspected US findings and /or positive family history. The main sequences of fetal MRI consist of T2-weighted (T2w) ultrafast, single-shot sequences. ⋯ The use of fetal MRI also aims to evaluate for associated anomalies. In addition, prenatal diagnosis of posterior fossa malformations is still a challenge but advances in knowledge in human developmental anatomy, genetic, and imaging recognition patterns have enabled us to shed some light on prognostic information that will help with the counseling of families. Finally, high-resolution late third trimester fetal MRI offers a safe alternative to early postnatal MR imaging, basically taking advantage of the uterine environment as a kind of "maternal incubator." Our goal is to discuss the spectrum of prenatal posterior fossa pathologies that can be studied by fetal MRI and their key neuroimaging features.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
MRI to detect and localize the area postrema in multiple sclerosis: The role of 3D-DIR and 3D-FLAIR.
Area postrema (AP) is a highly vascularized paired 2 mm-long anatomical structure, localized on the dorsal inferior surface of the medulla oblongata, at the caudal end of the fourth-ventricle. AP is principally affected in AP syndrome, which is commonly associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including essentially neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The aim of this study is to assess the best cerebral MRI sequences and planes for AP detection in order to assist or aid in the diagnosis of difficult NMOSD cases. ⋯ As evidenced, AP was easily assessed on 3DDIR and 3DFLAIR emphasizing the importance of adding these sequences to NMOSD MRI-protocols. Moreover, the most effective imaging plane in identifying AP was the axial plane.