Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America
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Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am · Feb 2018
ReviewUltrasound-Guided Interventions of the Cervical Spine and Nerves.
High-resolution ultrasound (US) enables prompt depiction of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and peripheral nerves. It seems to be the best imaging modality for guiding perineural injections. ⋯ This article elaborates the regional anatomy and the use of US scanning and guidance for cervical interventions; for example, cervical root, superficial cervical plexus, stellate ganglion, cervical medial branch, greater occipital nerve, and third occipital nerve. The article aims to lead readers to practice US-guided cervical injections precisely and safely.
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Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am · Feb 2018
ReviewSonographic Guide for Botulinum Toxin Injections of the Neck Muscles in Cervical Dystonia.
Intramuscular botulinum toxin (BoTX) injection is the first-line treatment of cervical dystonia. Poor treatment outcomes and some side effects, however, have been reported after BoTX applications. ⋯ Ultrasound has been recommended because of its high capability in illustrating most of the neck muscles. This review article discusses how ultrasound imaging can be used to scan/access neck muscles, mainly from the perspective of BoTX injections.