Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association
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Case Reports
Lithium toxicity precipitated by thyrotoxicosis due to silent thyroiditis: cardiac arrest, quadriplegia, and coma.
Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorders. Lithium toxicity is generally caused by inappropriately high doses of lithium or impaired lithium excretion. Most lithium is eliminated via the kidneys and, since thyroid hormone increases tubular reabsorption of lithium, thyrotoxicosis could contribute to the development of lithium toxicity. We report a case of severe lithium toxicity that was apparently precipitated by the onset of thyrotoxicosis resulting from silent thyroiditis and dehydration. ⋯ Thyrotoxicosis may be a contributing cause of lithium toxicity, particularly if it is abrupt in onset and even with cessation of lithium therapy if renal function is compromised. Thyroid function should be assessed immediately in patients with suspected lithium toxicity.
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By consensus, a thyrotropin (TSH) level persistently >10 mIU/L is an indication for the treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Controversy exists regarding patients whose TSH level is elevated but <10 mIU/L. Recently, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) published their position about factors that should be considered in the decision on treating SCH. This study evaluated the frequency of these factors among adult (non-pregnant) women with SCH whose TSH levels are ≤10 mIU/L. ⋯ According to the new ATA and AACE guidelines, L-T4 therapy would be considered for 92% of women with SCH and TSH ≤10 mIU/L.
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One of the worst complications in thyroid surgery is bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, which can lead to transient or definitive tracheotomy. ⋯ In our opinion, the systematic use of IONM and the change in operative strategy will lead to an almost 0% rate of bilateral laryngeal nerve palsy, at least in benign thyroid conditions. A loss of signal after the first side should prompt a halt in the procedure, even in cases of malignancies.
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Case Reports
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thyroid causing adrenocorticotrophic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome.
Cushing's syndrome (CS) due to ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and/or ectopic corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH) secretion accounts for <10% of all CS. Neuroendocrine carcinomas rarely cause CS. These carcinomas have been found to secrete either ACTH or rarely CRH. Herein we report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma originating from the thyroid as the source of ACTH-dependent CS. ⋯ Here we report a case of a neuroendocrine tumor of the thyroid causing ACTH-dependent CS. The tumor was negative for calcitonin staining, indicating that this was not a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Neuroendocrine carcinomas originating from the thyroid gland are very rare. A thyroid tumor of neuroendocrine origin causing ACTH-dependent CS has not been reported previously.
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Patients with goiter often complain of compressive symptoms, which may contribute to symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the impact of thyroid enlargement on these symptoms is not clear. Therefore, we sought to evaluate whether symptoms of sleep apnea resolved after thyroidectomy by using a validated questionnaire. ⋯ Thyroid surgery appears to significantly improve symptoms of OSA in patients who screened positive for symptoms before surgery. Evaluation of patients with OSA should include evaluation of thyroid disease, as symptoms of sleep apnea may improve with thyroidectomy.