Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Apr 2010
Review[Organ protection by conditioning].
Recent demographic developments challenge anaesthesiologists with an increasing number of elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidities undergoing major surgery. Interventions that are capable to increase tissue tolerance against ischemia are of paramount importance. In this context, conditioning is defined as a mechanism that fosters tissue by specific adaptive processes to develop tolerance against a subsequent ischaemia. ⋯ Effective conditioning has been unequivocal demonstrated for various tissues in animal experiments. Clinical trials in patients undergoing cardiac surgery have provided evidence for organ protection by conditioning. Large scale multicenter randomised trials, however, are still needed.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Apr 2010
Review Case Reports[Neuromonitoring in anaesthesia].
Modern computer-based methods to monitor anesthesia are widespread. They are used in order to avoid awareness, to reduce consumption of anesthetics, to optimize recovery times and to detect prolonged times of deep anesthesia and associated immunsuppression, mortality and morbidity. ⋯ The useage of EEG-monitoring may help to avoid awareness and allows a reduced of consumption of anesthetics. The question if a cumulated time of deep anesthesia is associated with elevated mortality might be of a certain importance in the future.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Apr 2010
Review[Dental injury in anaesthesiology--risk group and liability].
Dental injury is one of the most anaesthesia-related complications. It can cause a patient's functional, esthetic, financial, and emotional annoyance. The incidence of dental injury is said to range from 1:6000 to 1:1000. ⋯ A tooth guard can be used as a prophylactic measure. However, with that tracheal intubation can be complicated because of the reduced view at the epiglottis and the vocal cords. If a dental injury occurred, the patient should be seen by a dentist as soon as possible to undergo appropriate treatment with no delay.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Apr 2010
Review[Organprotection in cardiac risk patients--rational of perioperative beta-adrenoceptor-antagonists and statins].
The number of patients with limited organ function is steadily increasing due to the aging of the population. Consequently, a growing number of patients needing surgery is accompanied by serious comorbidities. These patients are at high risk of perioperative organ dysfunction. ⋯ It should not exceed 60-70bpm at rest; (iii) the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is a widely accepted score to estimate the patient's perioperative cardiac risk; (iv) patients with a RCRI > or =3 should not be scheduled for routine surgery without sufficient beta-adrenergic-receptor blockade; (v) in patients at high cardiac risk based on the RCRI who are scheduled for emergency surgery beta-blocker-therapy should not be initiated de novo perioperatively. However, for perioperative treatment of tachycardia or hypertension beta-blockers are the drug of first choice. Concerning perioperative statin-therapy the following recommendations are suggested: (i) chronic statin-therapy should be continued throughout surgery and the perioperative period; (ii) in patients without chronic statin-therapy scheduled for vascular surgery this treatment should be started perioperativly; (iii) no data is available concerning other patient populations; (iv) if statin-therapy is indicated it should be started independently from baseline serum LDL-C-concentration; (v) side effects of statin-therapy are rare and usually not live threatening, thus treatment is considered to be without serious risks to the patient.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Apr 2010
Review[Resistance to antibiotics and multiresistant pathogens].
Resistance to antibiotics and the directly related proportion of multiresistant bacterial pathogens (MRP) is increasing continuously. This applies particularly for intensive care units. ⋯ The reasons for this development are considered to be the increased morbidity of patients as well as the too frequent, too long-enduring and often inappropriate usage of antimicrobial substances. But also the increasing number of invasive measures and interventions as well as the still existing inadequate maintenance of hygiene standards and the inadequate establishment of non-medicamentous measures (e.g. hand disinfection) for infection prophylaxis play a significant role.