Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Jul 2011
Review[Patient blood management (part 2). Practice: the 3 pillars].
Patient blood management (PBM) is a patient-specific multidisciplinary, multimodal, evidence-based concept to appropriately conserve and manage a patient's own blood as a vital resource. PBM is based on 3 pillars: the first is the optimization of the patient's endogenous red cell mass, the second is the minimization of bleeding and blood loss and the third involves harnessing and optimizing the patient-specific physiological tolerance of anemia, including adopting more restrictive transfusion thresholds. ⋯ PBM is applicable to surgical and medical patients. The application of PBM systematically reduces the impact of 3 major contributors to negative outcome: anemia, blood loss and transfusion.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Jul 2011
Review[Prophylaxis and therapy of postdural puncture headache--a critical evaluation of treatment options].
Since the first description of spinal and epidural anaesthesia, postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a well known complication. Its prophylaxis and treatment has been studied and discussed for more than 100 years, but the evidence is still limited. Due to relatively low prevalence of PDPH, prospective RCTs are often missing, and the frequently self-limiting character of PDPH impedes an adequate interpretation of results from studies without a control group. ⋯ Noninvasive therapies like theophylline, sumatriptan and ACTH can be an alternative. However, an evidence-based recommendation is lacking. The development of standard operating procedures for accidental dural punctures and PDPH is recommended.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Jul 2011
[Obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia--new aspects from the literature].
This review summarises the current (and controversial) topics in the field of anaesthesia and analgesia in obstetrics. In the British report "Saving mothers' lives 2006-2008" it is shown that the direct causes of maternal deaths are as before mainly sepsis, preeclampsia and eclampsia, thrombosis, thromboembolisms, and amniotic fluid embolism as well as haemorrhagic complications. ⋯ S. American statistics, in the meantime ones finds maternal and perinatal deaths and brain damage to be less frequent whereas liability claims due to nerve damage and back pain have increased, presumably as a result of the change away from the use of general anaesthesia to the use of regional anaesthesia in obstetrics.