Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2014
[Spinal cord injury (SCI) - Aspects of intensive medical care].
With 2000 new cases/year in Germany spinal cord injury (SCI) is quantitatively less important for intensive care medicine than, e.g., sepsis. But, due to the consequences for the patient, the intricacy of treatment and the enormous costs, it is a significant clinical picture. Outside of specialized centers, routine experience with SCI is largely lacking, particularly in cases of tetraplegia. ⋯ Lifelong mechanical ventilation is needed in some cases of cervical SCI, for which experience has since grown. New therapeutic options have become implemented (e.g., electrophrenic/diaphragm pacing), have a need to be examined, and extend lifespan in cases of SCI. As a result more patients have a chance for rehabilitation today than in previous decades."
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2014
[In-hospitaltraumamanagement - Trauma suite diagnostics].
Whole-body CT is considered gold standard for diagnosis of the multiple injured patient in the trauma suite. So far, no guidelines exist concerning its indication. The trauma team (Trauma Surgery/Visceral Surgery, Anaesthesiology, Radiology) should use standardized triage-criteria for the indication of whole-body CT. ⋯ In children, specific attention must be paid to radiation protection. In these cases, modalities without radiation exposure (ultrasound, MRI) play a major role. Detecting all relevant injuries and evolving a therapy strategy in compliance with aspects of radiation protection (ALARA-principle) and legal guidelines (justifiying indication) during the 'golden hour of shock' should be the aim.
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Resistance against antibiotics is continuously increasing throughout the world and has become a very serious problem. For just this reason "Antibiotic Stewardship Programs" have been developed. These programs are intended to lead to a sustained improvement in the situation and to assure a rational practice for the prescription of anti-infective agents in medical facilities. ⋯ AWMF-Registernummer 092/001 - S3 Guideline on Strategies for the Rational Use of Antibiotics in Hospitals. AWMF - Registry Number 092/001) has been available since the end of 2013. An essential aspect therein is the expert interdisciplinary cooperation of a team comprising a clinically experienced infectiologist, a hospital pharmacist and a consultant for microbiology.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2014
[In-hospitaltraumamanagement - Radiation emergency and multiple trauma - Principals of treatment in the emergency room].
Exposure to ionizing radiation combined with multiple trauma is a very rare but severe event. There are some important basic principles for the early inpatient management. An externally exposed patient poses no risk to the treatment team. ⋯ Against external contamination, the treatment team is adequately protected by wearing protective clothing and gloves in conformity with universal medical precautions. Treatment of life threatening injuries takes priority over decontamination. Specialized treatment centres should be involved early on in patient treatment.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 2014
[In-hospital trauma management - Beyond routine in trauma resuscitation].
Trauma resuscitation in children, pregnant women, Jehovah's witnesses or in patients with infectious diseases like HIV is obviously beyond routine. This may result in uncertainty how to manage these patients appropriately. Preparation for such situations is essential. Therefore this article focuses on the specific problems associated with these kinds of patients.