Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
-
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Feb 2015
Review[Community acquired pneumonia in the emergence department - do standardized care bundles improve quality of care?].
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. The initial correct diagnosis, risk assessment and initiation of treatment are responsibilities of the emergency department (ED). In Germany, emergency medicine is not well established nationwide and organized in a very heterogeneous manner. ⋯ In own investigations we demonstrated that implementation of systematic guideline based care bundles for pneumonia significantly improves quality of care in the ED subsequently leading to decreased mortality during hospitalization. Early standardized care bundles in the ED reduce length-of-stay in the hospital and the intensive care unit. Furthermore, those strategies are accompanied with an improvement of economic characteristics.
-
Our understanding of the causes and pathophysiological basis of sepsis has been subject to constant change over the last decades. In today's understanding, sepsis is primarily a pathology of the immune system, triggered by an underlying infection but perpetuated by the host's response itself. ⋯ While a overshooting immune reaction predominates in early sepsis, this reaction is rapidly compensated, often leading to a immune dysfunction, rendering the host susceptible for secondary infections. This review aims to provide the reader with an overview of the broad molecular mechanisms contributing to the clinical picture of sepsis.
-
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Feb 2015
Review[Perioperative management of patients with opioid tolerance and misuse].
Patients with opioid pretreatment can be divided into different groups. While patients after successful drug addiction treatment with or without drug replacement therapy usually not require an extensive perioperative pain therapy, patients with persistent chronic pain and patients with an existing opioid addiction regularly are challenging for the anesthetist. Important pathophysiological issues among the patients include opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) as well as acute withdrawal symptomes. ⋯ A similar statement applies to clonidine and dexmedetomidine, which probably induce analgesia by activation of the descending antinociceptive noradrenergic system. The intraoperative administration of S-ketamine is recommended for patients who either already have developed opioid tolerance or suffer from neuropathic pain, and by which postoperative pain is high and was already shown to be poorly adjusted. Other therapeutic options such as intraoperative administration of magnesium or lidocaine may be promising approaches.
-
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Feb 2015
Review[The premedication visit - suggestions for a patient-friendly design].
The premedication visit is often a difficult situation for the anaesthetist. On the one hand the patient needs to be informed in detail, but on the other he must not be alienated unnecessarily. Furthermore, a hospital stay represents an exceptional situation for the patient in which he behaves differently than in everyday life and shows a limited ability to process information. Following certain communication strategies allows to convey information to the patient in a comprehensible manner and to describe his individual anaesthesiological risk without needlessly creating fear.