Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Aug 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialA Prospective Randomized Study of Paravertebral Blockade in Patients Undergoing Robotic Mitral Valve Repair.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of paravertebral blockade to general anesthesia in patients undergoing robotic mitral valve repair. ⋯ The addition of paravertebral blockade to general anesthesia appears safe and can reduce postoperative pain and narcotic usage in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery. These findings were similar to previous studies of patients undergoing thoracic procedures. Paravertebral blockade alone likely does not reduce hospital length of stay. This may be more closely related to early extubation, which is possible with or without paravertebral blockade.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Aug 2015
Observational StudySpeckle-Tracking Strain Imaging Identifies Alterations in Left Atrial Mechanics With General Anesthesia and Positive-Pressure Ventilation.
The primary aim of this study was to use speckle-tracking strain imaging to evaluate the effect of general anesthesia (GA) and positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) on left atrial (LA) mechanics. The authors hypothesized that GA and PPV would be associated with a decrease in LA strain. The secondary aims were to investigate the effects of GA and PPV on traditional Doppler-derived measures of LA function and Doppler echocardiographic grade of diastolic function. ⋯ Speckle-tracking strain imaging of the left atrium demonstrated that GA and PPV had a significant impact on LA mechanics by decreasing strain measures of LA preload, with a lesser effect on LA contractility.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Aug 2015
ReviewThe Society of Thoracic Surgeons, The Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and The American Society of ExtraCorporeal Technology: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Temperature Management During Cardiopulmonary Bypass.
In order to improve our understanding of the evidence-based literature supporting temperature management during adult cardiopulmonary bypass, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology and the American Society of ExtraCorporeal Technology tasked the authors to conduct a review of the peer-reviewed literature, including: 1) optimal site for temperature monitoring, 2) avoidance of hyperthermia, 3) peak cooling temperature gradient and cooling rate, and 4) peak warming temperature gradient and rewarming rate. Authors adopted the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association method for development clinical practice guidelines, and arrived at the following recommendations: CLASS I RECOMMENDATIONS: a)The oxygenator arterial outlet blood temperature is recommended to be utilized as a surrogate for cerebral temperature measurement during CPB. (Class I, Level C) b)To monitor cerebral perfusate temperature during warming, it should be assumed that the oxygenator arterial outlet blood temperature under-estimates cerebral perfusate temperature. (Class I, Level C) c)Surgical teams should limit arterial outlet blood temperature to<37°C to avoid cerebral hyperthermia. (Class 1, Level C) d)Temperature gradients between the arterial outlet and venous inflow on the oxygenator during CPB cooling should not exceed 10°C to avoid generation of gaseous emboli. (Class 1, Level C) e)Temperature gradients between the arterial outlet and venous inflow on the oxygenator during CPB rewarming should not exceed 10°C to avoid out-gassing when blood is returned to the patient. (Class 1, Level C) CLASS IIa ⋯ a)Pulmonary artery or nasopharyngeal temperature recording is reasonable for weaning and immediate post-bypass temperature measurement. (Class IIa, Level C)b)Rewarming when arterial blood outlet temperature ≥30° C: i.To achieve the desired temperature for separation from bypass, it is reasonable to maintain a temperature gradient between arterial outlet temperature and the venous inflow of≤4°C. (Class IIa, Level B) ii.To achieve the desired temperature for separation from bypass, it is reasonable to maintain a rewarming rate≤0.5°C/min. (Class IIa, Level B) NO RECOMMENDATION: No recommendation for a guideline is provided concerning optimal temperature for weaning from CPB due to insufficient published evidence.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Aug 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialOptimal Respiratory Rate for Low-Tidal Volume and Two-Lung Ventilation in Thoracoscopic Bleb Resection.
One-lung ventilation is considered to be mandatory in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. However, the authors showed in a previous report that two-lung ventilation with low tidal volume is feasible in thoracoscopic bleb resection (TBR). In this study, they evaluated optimal respiratory rate during TBR under two-lung ventilation with low-tidal volume anesthesia. ⋯ The RR of 15 cycles/min with low-tidal volume (5 mL/kg) and two-lung ventilation did not produce abnormal physiologic changes including arterial pH, partial arterial oxygen pressure, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide and guaranteed an optimal surgical field. Therefore, these setting are considered acceptable for two-lung ventilation during TBR.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Aug 2015
Comparative Study Observational StudyRenal Resistive Index Measurement by Transesophageal Echocardiography: Comparison With Translumbar Ultrasonography and Relation to Acute Kidney Injury.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between transesophageal ultrasonography-derived renal resistive index values (RRITEE) and a standard translumbar renal ultrasound-derived RRI (RRITLUSG). The effectiveness of each method to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery also was compared. ⋯ RRITEE showed clinically acceptable agreement with RRITLUSG. Indeed, RRI measured intraoperatively with TEE was comparable to RRITLUSG in terms of detecting postoperative AKI.