Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia
-
J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Dec 1995
Comparative StudyThe relationship between systolic pressure and stroke volume describes myocardial contractility.
To develop a method of measuring end-systolic elastance from information obtained outside the ventricle and thereby simplify its transduction. ⋯ In this study, measurement of EES from the ventricular outflow tract during progressive aortic constriction produced results more consistent and descriptive than EES by traditional techniques and has the potential for obtaining elastance measurements from possibly less invasive techniques.
-
J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Dec 1995
Comparative StudyEffects of inhaled prostacyclin as compared with inhaled nitric oxide in a canine model of pulmonary microembolism and oleic acid edema.
Recently, it has been shown that the inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) and of prostacyclin (PGI2) elicits selective pulmonary vasodilation in a canine model of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The present study was designed to investigate whether inhaled NO or PGI2-aerosol, respectively, is also effective in decreasing pulmonary artery pressure in a canine model of acute pulmonary microembolism and oleic acid edema. ⋯ The data demonstrate that inhaled NO may elicit selective pulmonary vasodilation and improve gas exchange in a canine model of pulmonary microembolism and respiratory insufficiency. However, the degree of these effects was relatively small. The aerosolization of PGI2 under conditions of positive-pressure ventilation did not exert a significant vasodilatory effect on pulmonary vessels and did not improve pulmonary gas exchange in this model.
-
J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Dec 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffects of a paf-receptor antagonist on hemodynamics during and after cardiopulmonary bypass.
To assess after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) the role of paf-acether (paf), a phospholipid mediator whose injection in animal mimics the hemodynamics observed after CPB. ⋯ Because the inotropic and vasodilator therapy and the volume loading were the same between groups, this study suggests that pretreatment with a paf-receptor antagonist improves post-CPB pulmonary resistance. Nevertheless, this beneficial effect is transient without consequences on left ventricular function indices.
-
J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Dec 1995
Effects of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium.
To study the influence of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium. ⋯ Hypothermic CPB prolongs the duration of action of maintenance doses and alters the plasma concentration-response relationship of rocuronium. These changes may be the result of, on the one hand, an increased sensitivity of the neuromuscular transmission and/or decreased muscle contractility and, on the other hand, the result of a reduced plasma clearance during hypothermia.