Atencion primaria
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Population aging is a global phenomenon that is increasing the proportion of older people, particularly those over 80 years old. This increase in longevity does not always translate into years of good quality of life. This document reviews the latest evidence on the main preventive activities for older adults, starting with major geriatric syndromes such as frailty, cognitive impairment, and social isolation. ⋯ Additionally, for the first time, it includes an analysis of preventive activities related to suicide in older adults, coordinated with mental health promotion programs. Frailty, defined as the progressive deterioration of physiological systems, is a significant predictor of adverse health events and is considered potentially reversible, especially in its early stages. The diagnosis and management of frailty through comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and the implementation of specific interventions such as multicomponent exercise, adequate nutrition, and medication review are key to improving the functionality and quality of life of older adults.
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Practice Guideline
[Prevention of infectious diseases. Update on PAPPS 2024 vaccines].
Vaccination throughout life is the best way to prevent infectious diseases and improve people's quality of life. As health professionals we must know the vaccine indications and guidelines as if they were any other treatment. In the updates for this year 2024, we continue to focus on the most relevant developments in terms of indications, changes in vaccination guidelines, new vaccines incorporated into the adult calendar and even anticipating the next vaccines to be incorporated in a short period of time. ⋯ And we have added a few touches of the «One Health» approach, focusing on vaccination as a tool to improve population health and contribute to the reduced use of antibiotics and thereby avoid bacterial resistance. We have tried to summarize a large part of the document in the form of tables so that it is an agile and easy-to-consult instrument in our daily care work and we do not forget to review and complete, if necessary, the vaccination schedule of all our patients. Although we focus on adults, due to the novelty and relevance in terms of reducing the burden of disease in infants, we have included a section on immunoprevention against respiratory syncytial virus with monoclonal antibodies and its indications for the next 2024-2025 season.
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Addressing gender violence from the health system effectively, still involves addressing numerous challenges. If gender violence is suffered by women with one or more situations of personal and social vulnerability, intervention is surrounded by formidable difficulties. ⋯ This article mentions the common and specific needs of the most vulnerable women. Recommendations are offered to improve the intervention to be developed from the health system - a privileged space for this - to understand and accompany these women in their diversity, with the most effective services and resources, in coordination with the rest of the social protection systems and entities.
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Gender is an important determinant of health. Its relationship with inequality and violence allows us to consider being a woman as a risk factor for health. ⋯ Gender-based violence is often identified as a problem for adult women; however, the experience of discriminatory gender-based violence is constructed throughout women's lives, producing serious individual and social consequences from childhood. Accepting this violence as a «private or domestic matter» often prevents seeing the true dimension of the problem, its consequences, and the need to address it as a global issue.