Atencion primaria
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Cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Environmental factors along with lifestyle: tobacco and alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity, are some of the risk factors that have caused an increase in cancer. This article updates the evidence and recommendations for cancer prevention strategies through screening in asymptomatic patients, as well as early detection of signs and symptoms in medium-risk and high-risk populations.
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Practice Guideline
[Cardiovascular preventive recommendations. PAPPS 2024 thematic updates].
The recommendations of the semFYC's Program for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (PAPPS) for the prevention of vascular diseases (VD) are presented. New in this edition are new sections such as obesity, chronic kidney disease and metabolic hepatic steatosis, as well as a 'Don't Do' section in the different pathologies treated. The sections have been updated: epidemiological review, where the current morbidity and mortality of CVD in Spain and its evolution as well as the main risk factors are described; vascular risk (VR) and recommendations for the calculation of CV risk; main risk factors such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, describing the method for their diagnosis, therapeutic objectives and recommendations for lifestyle measures and pharmacological treatment; indications for antiplatelet therapy, and recommendations for screening of atrial fibrillation, and recommendations for management of chronic conditions. The quality of testing and the strength of the recommendation are included in the main recommendations.
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Practice Guideline
[Prevention of infectious diseases. Update on PAPPS 2024 vaccines].
Vaccination throughout life is the best way to prevent infectious diseases and improve people's quality of life. As health professionals we must know the vaccine indications and guidelines as if they were any other treatment. In the updates for this year 2024, we continue to focus on the most relevant developments in terms of indications, changes in vaccination guidelines, new vaccines incorporated into the adult calendar and even anticipating the next vaccines to be incorporated in a short period of time. ⋯ And we have added a few touches of the «One Health» approach, focusing on vaccination as a tool to improve population health and contribute to the reduced use of antibiotics and thereby avoid bacterial resistance. We have tried to summarize a large part of the document in the form of tables so that it is an agile and easy-to-consult instrument in our daily care work and we do not forget to review and complete, if necessary, the vaccination schedule of all our patients. Although we focus on adults, due to the novelty and relevance in terms of reducing the burden of disease in infants, we have included a section on immunoprevention against respiratory syncytial virus with monoclonal antibodies and its indications for the next 2024-2025 season.
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Practice Guideline
[Preventive activities in women: PAPPS 2024 update].
In the 2024 PAPPS update, we present preventive activities specific to women's health, except those related to cancer prevention (which are included in another document) and aspects related to differential morbidity of gender, which is a cross-cutting element for all working groups. Contraception is an essential preventive activity; the right to decide both the number of children that they will have and when to have them is considered basic. We must inform about contraceptive methods, guaranteeing in follow-up their safety, efficacy, and effectiveness (tables are included on changing from one method to another to preserve contraceptive protection). ⋯ We also propose osteoporosis prevention, including bone density scanning according to the fracture risk in the next 10 years, therefore, bone density screening is not recommended in women under 60 years of age. We recommend the FRAX tool for assessing risk, or better, measuring hip fracture risk with prevalence data from the Community of Madrid. The indication for treatment is linked to the Z-score (bone mineral density compared with women of the same age), since this is a condition associated with aging, and not the T-score, which is used to compare women of 20 years of age.
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We present the recommendations of the Preventive Activities and Health Promotion Programme (PAPPS) of the semFYC (Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine) to promote healthy lifestyles using intervention methodology, and preventive actions against tobacco and alcohol use, healthy eating, physical activity in leisure time, prevention of traffic accidents, and child restraint systems. The recommendations have been updated, and new aspects highlighted, such as the definition of low-risk alcohol consumption, and the references have been updated. For the main recommendations, we include specific tables showing the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendation.