Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
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Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · Sep 2013
ReviewManaging the residual cardiovascular disease risk associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in statin-treated patients: a clinical update.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of death in Europe. In addition to patients with proven CVD, those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at a particularly high-risk of CVD and associated mortality. Treatment for dyslipidaemia, a principal risk factor for CVD, remains a healthcare priority; evidence supports the reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as the primary objective of dyslipidaemia management. ⋯ Currently, the strongest evidence of benefit is for the addition of fenofibrate to statin treatment in high-risk patients with T2D and dyslipidaemia. An alternative approach is the addition of agents to reduce LDL-C beyond the levels attainable with statin monotherapy. Here, addition of fibrates and niacin to statin therapy is discussed, and novel approaches being developed for HDL-C and TG management, including cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, Apo A-1 analogues, mipomersen, lomitapide and monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9, are reviewed.
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Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · Sep 2013
Observational StudyVisceral obesity assessed by computed tomography predicts cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although there is emerging evidence that excess visceral fat is associated with a cluster of cardiometabolic abnormalities in these patients, the impact of visceral obesity evaluated by a gold-standard method on future outcomes has not been studied. We aimed to investigate whether visceral obesity assessed by computed tomography was able to predict cardiovascular events in CKD patients. ⋯ Visceral obesity assessed by computed tomography was a predictor of cardiovascular events in CKD patients.
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Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · Sep 2013
Excess dietary sodium and inadequate potassium intake in Italy: results of the MINISAL study.
As excess sodium and inadequate potassium intake are causally related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease, the MINISAL-GIRCSI Program aimed to provide reliable estimates of dietary sodium and potassium intake in representative samples of the Italian population. ⋯ These MINISAL preliminary results indicate that in all the Italian regions thus far surveyed dietary sodium intake was largely higher and potassium intake lower than the recommended intakes. They also highlight the critical association between overweight and excess salt intake.
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Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · Mar 2013
Impact of age on the prognostic value of body mass index in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction.
No data are so far available on the impact of age and obesity in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). ⋯ In our series, underweight is associated with the highest mortality across all age subgroups, while only in patients <75 years, overweight patients showed increased in-hospital mortality rate and a poorer long term survival rate. According to our data, the "so called obesity paradox" should be probably age-contextualized.