Physiological research
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Physiological research · Jan 2012
Nitrotyrosine and nitrate/nitrite levels in cardiac arrest survivors treated with endovascular hypothermia.
The protective effect of therapeutic hypothermia in cardiac arrest survivors (CAS) has been previously well documented. Animal studies have indicated that attenuation of tissue oxidative stress (OS) may be involved in the mechanisms that lead to the beneficial effect of hypothermia. The extent of OS and nitric oxide (NO) production in adult CAS treated with endovascular hypothermia is, however, unknown. ⋯ During the rewarming period, serum levels of both parameters gradually increased and, during the normothermic period, the levels were significantly higher compared with hypothermic levels (nitrotyrosine, P<0.001; nitrates/nitrites, P<0.05). In our study, significantly lower levels of nitrotyrosine and nitrates/nitrites were demonstrated during hypothermia compared with levels during the normothermic period in adult CAS. These data suggest that attenuation of OS and NO production may be involved in the protective effect of hypothermia in adult CAS.
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The main neuromodulatory methods using neurostimulation principles are described. It concerns peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), motor cortex stimulation (MSC), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). ⋯ In addition to the positive effects, side effects and complications are described and discussed in detail. In conclusion, neuromodulatory (neurostimulatory) techniques are highly recommended for the treatment of different types of pharmacoresistant pain.
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Physiological research · Jan 2012
Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglycerides after weight loss and weight maintenance: the DIOGENES study.
Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue changes with weight loss. Palmitoleic acid as a possible marker of endogenous lipogenesis or its functions as a lipokine are under debate. Objective was to assess the predictive role of adipose triglycerides fatty acids in weight maintenance in participants of the DIOGENES dietary intervention study. ⋯ Lower baseline monounsaturated fatty acids (14:1n-5, 16:1n-7 and trans 16:1n-7) in adipose tissue triglycerides predict better weight maintenance. Lower oleic acid predicts lower weight decrease. These findings suggest a specific role of monounsaturated fatty acids in weight management and as weight change predictors.
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Physiological research · Jan 2012
Circulatory and adipose tissue leptin and adiponectin in relationship to resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Increases in resting energy expenditure (REE) likely contribute to weight loss in various chronic diseases. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), relationships between the ventilatory impairment and increased REE, and between disturbances in adipokines and weight loss were previously described. Therefore, we investigated serum levels and adipose tissue expression of leptin and adiponectin, and their relationships to REE in patients with COPD. ⋯ From underweight [n=9; body mass index (BMI) <20.0 kg.m(-2)], to normal weight-overweight (n=24, BMI=20.0-29.9 kg.m(-2)) and obese patients (n=11; BMI>/=30 kg.m(-2)), REE adjusted for body weight decreased (32.9+/-6.1 vs. 26.2+/-5.8 vs. 23.9+/-6.6 kcal.kg(-1).24 h(-1), p=0.006), serum levels and adipose tissue expression of leptin increased (p<0.001 for both), and serum and adipose tissue adiponectin decreased (p<0.001; p=0.004, respectively). REE was inversely related to serum and adipose tissue leptin (R=-0.547, p<0.001; R=-0.458, p=0.002), and directly to serum adiponectin (R=0.316, p=0.039). Underweight patients had increased REE compared to normal weight-overweight patients, in association with reductions in serum and adipose tissue leptin, and increased serum adiponectin, suggesting a role of adipokines in energy imbalance in COPD-related cachexia.
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Physiological research · Jan 2012
Comparative StudyComparison of the effects of ketamine-dexmedetomidine and sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia on cardiac biomarkers after cardiac surgery: an observational study.
Inhalational anesthetics have demonstrated cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Clinical studies in cardiac surgery have supported these findings, although not with the consistency demonstrated in experimental studies. Recent investigations have questioned the advantages of inhalational over intravenous anesthetics with respect to cardiac protection. ⋯ Compared with the SEVO group, the KET-DEX group exhibited significantly reduced cardiac troponin I (2.22+/-1.73 vs. 3.63+/-2.37 microg/l; P=0.02) and myocardial fraction of creatine kinase (CK-MB) levels (12.4+/-10.4 vs. 20.3+/-11.2 microg/l; P=0.01) on the morning of the first postoperative day. Furthermore, cardiac troponin I release, evaluated as the area under the curve, was significantly reduced in the KET-DEX group (32.1+/-20.1 vs. 50.6+/-23.2; P=0.01). These results demonstrate the cardioprotective effects of ketamine-dexmedetomidine anesthesia compared with those of sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia.