Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society
-
J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Nov 2007
Expression of anion exchanger 3 influences respiratory rate in awake and isoflurane anesthetized mice.
The anion exchanger 3 (AE3) is involved in neuronal pH regulation of which may include chemosensitive neurons. Here we examined the effect of AE3 expression on respiratory rate (RR) in vivo. AE3 knockout (KO, n=5) and wild type (WT, n=6) mice were subjected to body plethysmography, both while awake and during isoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ Hypercapnia (5% CO2) increased RR in awake and decreased RR in nesthetized (1.0 MAC) mice, whereby relative changes were larger in AE3 KO mice. Recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in respect to RR regaining baseline values was more pronounced in AE3 KO. Results show that AE3 expression profoundly influences control of breathing in mice.
-
J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Nov 2007
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on exercise capacity in chronic heart failure patients without sleep apnea.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. It is known, that there are beneficial effects on cardiac function, which might be explained by suppression of apnea and specific hemodynamic effects of CPAP. Therefore, CPAP might act as an adjunct therapy in heart failure, even in the absence of sleep apnea. ⋯ Oxygen-pulse was increased, although that did not reach significance (11.2+/-4.8 ml/beat vs. 12.6+/-3.9 ml/beat). In conclusion, CPAP might have beneficial effects on exercise capacity in patients with congestive heart failure even in the absence of sleep apnea. Nevertheless, poor compliance seems to be a limiting factor.
-
J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Mar 2007
Basal and postprandial plasma levels of PYY, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, gastrin and insulin in women with moderate and morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome (MS), defined as central obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance, has been associated with inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular diseases. This study was carried out on three groups of women; lean controls, moderately obese with MS (OB-MS) and morbidly obese with MS (MOB-MS). The main objectives were: 1. to analyze the plasma levels of total and acylated ghrelin, peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)), cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin and insulin levels under basal conditions and in response to a standard mixed meal, and 2. to elucidate the relationship between the plasma levels of these gut peptides and metabolic syndrome parameters. ⋯ Moreover, plasma fasting acylated ghrelin correlated positively with fat mass. Fasting total ghrelin correlated positively with BMI, HDL-C and negatively with HOMA IR. We conclude that MS features of obesity are closely related to fasting and postprandial alterations of concentrations of PYY(3-36), CCK and ghrelin, suggesting that determination of gut hormones controlling food intake might be considered as a valuable tool to assess the progression of MS to comorbidities of obesity.
-
J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Nov 2006
ReviewGhrelin and melatonin in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion and maintaining of integrity.
Ghrelin and melatonin are produced in the central nervous system and in the gastrointestinal tissues; ghrelin in the stomach, and melatonin - in the liver and in the intestine. Both ghrelin and melatonin have been reported to protect the gastric mucosa against acute lesions and to influence gastrointestinal motility and secretions, however the physiological significance of these peptides in the gastrointestinal tissues remains unknown. In spite of the presence of ghrelin and melatonin receptors in the pancreatic tissue little is known about the role of these peptides in the pancreas. ⋯ It has been previously shown that systemic application of ghrelin attenuated acute pancreatitis activating the immune defense mechanisms. Our recent data demonstrate that ghrelin is able to prevent pancreatic inflammatory damage though the activation of central nervous mechanisms leading to the improvement of antioxidative properties of pancreatic tissue. The results of experimental studies indicated that melatonin and ghrelin could take a part in the protection of pancreatic tissue against the damage under physiological conditions.
-
J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Sep 2006
Comparison of gene expression profiles in neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the differences between chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain are still poorly understood. Identifying those differences should provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying features unique for neuropathic pain, such as allodynia. We have performed screening for differentially expressed genes in the spinal cord in the rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. ⋯ The relative increase in abundance of four genes, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), chemokine-like receptor 1 was confirmed by reverse transcription Real-Time PCR (qPCR) validation in the spinal cord in neuropathic pain. Levels of transcripts corresponding to ICAM-1 and TIMP-1 were also increased in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of neuropathic rats. Our data point at the importance of immune response- and microglia activation-related genes in the development of chronic neuropathic pain, and suggest that expression of CGRP gene in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord could be involved in persistence of its symptoms.