Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Jun 2016
The effect of pregabalin - codeine combination on partial sciatic nerve ligation - induced peripheral mononeuropathy in rats.
The present study investigates the effects of pregabalin (PGB) and codeine (COD) combination on neuropathic hyperalgesia in an animal model of peripheral nerve injury represented by partial sciatic nerve ligation. Hot plate and analgesimeter tests were performed to evaluate the influence of PGB, COD and their combination on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the hind paw with partial sciatic nerve ligation. Reactivity was evaluated by measuring the latency to withdrawal of the operated hind paw from the noxious heat and pressure stimulation. ⋯ The investigation demonstrates that the treatment with PGB attenuated partial sciatic nerve ligation development of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats operated hind paw. The oral administration, during 14 consecutive days of PGB-COD combination significantly reduced the degree of both thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the hind paw with partial sciatic nerve ligation. These results suggest that the association of PGB with COD exerted ameliorative effect on partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in rats.
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Apr 2016
Assessment of incretins in oral glucose and lipid tolerance tests may be indicative in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome aggravation.
Incretins stimulated by oral meals are claimed to be protective for the pancreatic beta cells, to increase insulin secretion, to inhibit glucagon release, slow gastric emptying (glucagon-like peptide-1) and suppress appetite. Recently it has however been suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is putative early biomarker of metabolic consequences of the obesity associated proinflammatory state. The study was aimed to compare the release of incretins and some of early markers of inflammation at the fasting and postprandial period induced by functional oral glucose as well as lipid load in healthy controls and patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) to see if functional tests may be helpful in searching for the inflammatory status of patients. ⋯ In patients with the highest fasting plasma GIP concentration (3(rd) tertile), IL-6, MCP-1, sE-selectin and visfatin blood levels were increased and correlated with glutathione peroxydase, leptin/adiponectin ratio, higher visfatin and interleukin-6 levels. The fat containing meals stimulate the long-lasting release of incretins, mainly GIP, parallel to the increase of the markers of low grade inflammation associating obesity in metabolic syndrome. The possibility of use of the postprandial (OLTT) GIP release measurement for the low grade inflammation progress in MS patients is suggested.
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Dec 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialExposure to sixty minutes of hyperoxia upregulates myocardial humanins in patients with coronary artery disease - a pilot study.
In experimental setting the concept of myocardial preconditioning by hyperoxia has been introduced and different intracellular protective mechanisms and their effects have been described. To study whether similar protective phenotype can be induced by hyperoxia also in humans, gene expression profile after hyperoxic exposure was analyzed. ⋯ Exposure to > 96% oxygen for 60 minutes significantly changed the expression of 20 different genes, including upregulation of two different humanins - MTRNR2L2 and MTRNR2L8, and activated a "cell survival" network as detected by Ingenuity Pathway Analyses. We concluded that administration of > 96% oxygen for 1 hour changes gene expression in the myocardium of the patients with coronary artery disease and may enhance cell survival capability.
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Dec 2014
Esophagoprotective activity of angiotensin-(1-7) in experimental model of acute reflux esophagitis. Evidence for the role of nitric oxide, sensory nerves, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and proinflammatory cytokines.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a global disease rapidly increasing among world population. The pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis which is considered as the early stage of GERD is complex, resulting from an imbalance between aggressive factors damaging the esophagus and a number of the natural defense mechanisms. The esophageal mucosa is in a state of continuous exposure to potentially damaging endogenous and exogenous factors. ⋯ In contrast, the administration of Ang-(1-7) resulted in a downregulation of mRNA for COX-2, Hif1 and IL-1β in esophageal mucosa an this effect was abolished in A779-dependent manner. The Ang-(1-7) significantly decreased the RE-induced elevation of plasma levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, and this effect was also reversed by pretreatment with A779, and significantly attenuated by pretreatment with L-NNA and capsaicin-induced sensory denervation. The present study indicates that the protective effect of Ang-(1-7) observed in the esophageal mucosa during early acute stage of gastroesophageal reflux depends upon the enhancement of esophageal microcirculatory blood flow via the activation of Mas receptor possibly due to NO synthase/NO system activation, stimulation of sensory nerves, the inhibition of expression of pro-inflammatory factors including COX-2, Hif1α and IL-1β and release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α.
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J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Dec 2013
Depolarization of the intergeniculate leaflet neurons by serotonin - in vitro study.
The intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus (IGL) is a part of the mammalian biological clock which integrates photic and non-photic information and conveys it to the master biological clock - suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). One of the non-photic cues is delivered by the serotoninergic projection from dorsal raphe nucleus. In vitro electrophysiological recordings were performed from single IGL neurons using whole-cell patch clamp technique. ⋯ In majority of cases the effect was presynaptic. However, in some cases we observed postsynaptic depolarization. To our knowledge, depolarizing influence of 5HT on the single neurons in the IGL has been shown here for the first time.