European radiology
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Herniation of the lung is commonly caused by congenital rib abnormalities, blunt trauma, or thoracic surgery. Spontaneous hernias are rarely described in the literature. ⋯ In addition, a review of the literature is presented which outlines the classification, causes, and incidence of lung hernias. Some reference is made to possible methods of treatment.
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Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are at risk for a variety of acute pulmonary complications, including pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Our aim was to describe the radiographic and CT findings and to determine the frequency of complicating spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in patients with IPF. A retrospective study was performed including 78 consecutive patients who underwent CT scanning of the chest and who had confirmed IPF. ⋯ Two patients died of respiratory failure within 4 months after CT. Extra-alveolar air should be recognized as a relatively common IPF-related complication. Chest CT is a useful imaging method in determining air collections in patients with IPF that become acutely breathless and their chest radiograph fails to reveal the presence of extra-alveolar air.
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Case Reports
Glue embolization of a ruptured celiac trunk pseudoaneurysm via the gastroduodenal artery.
Percutaneous transcatheter embolization of splanchnic artery aneurysms is a minimally invasive and alternative therapy to conventional surgical intervention. Due to a high-grade stenosis at the origin of the celiac trunk, a retrograde approach to the celiac trunk pseudoaneurysm via the gastroduodenal artery was necessary. To prevent undesirable embolization into the peripheral left gastric artery initial occlusion of the central portion of the left gastric artery was performed with microcoils using a Tracker catheter. Complete occlusion of the celiac trunk itself and the short adjacent segments of the celiac artery was achieved by using a mixture of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and ethiodized oil as the embolizing agent.
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Clinical studies report a rate of 5% and autopsy results a rate of 25% of brain involvement in sarcoidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of radiology in the diagnosis of patients with neurosarcoidosis. The chest radiographs and MRI brain scans of 22 patients with sarcoidosis were retrospectively reviewed, along with the information that was provided in the request form and clinical charts. ⋯ Neurological signs and symptoms can be significant manifestations of sarcoidosis. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a wide spectrum of brain abnormalities associated with neurosarcoidosis. The patient's history and chest X-ray are helpful in arriving at the correct diagnosis, but in selected cases with isolated brain involvement biopsy may still be required.