European radiology
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Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), previously known as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), is a syndrome in which an acute renal dysfunction is diagnosed after the intravascular injection of contrast media. AKI implies an injury or damage but not necessarily a reduction in overall renal filtration function. The renal damage becomes evident only when more than 50 % of the renal mass is compromised. ⋯ These new biomarkers provide additional value, not only because they facilitate earlier diagnosis but also because they can diagnose AKI even in the absence of a change in subsequent filtration function. Thus, in this situation, these new criteria can reveal subclinical AKI. A new domain of AKI diagnosis could then include functional and structural criteria as indicated by laboratory testing.
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Review Meta Analysis
Morphological measurements in computed tomography correlate with airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.
To determine the correlation between CT measurements of emphysema or peripheral airways and airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ⋯ • Computed tomography is widely performed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • CT provides quantitative morphological methods to investigate airflow obstruction in COPD • CT measurements correlate significantly with the degree of airflow obstruction in COPD • Expiratory CT measurements correlate more strongly with airflow obstruction than inspiratory CT • Low-dose CT decreases the radiation dose for diagnosis and quantitative emphysema evaluation.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Diagnosis of bone metastases: a meta-analysis comparing ¹⁸FDG PET, CT, MRI and bone scintigraphy.
To perform a meta-analysis to compare (18)FDG PET, CT, MRI and bone scintigraphy (BS) for the diagnosis of bone metastases. ⋯ PET and MRI were found to be comparable and both significantly more accurate than CT and BS for the diagnosis of bone metastases.
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The potential for low dose computed tomography (LDCT) to act as an effective tool in screening for lung cancer is currently the subject of several randomised control trials. It has recently been given prominence by interim results released by the North American National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Several other trials assessing LDCT as a screening tool are currently underway in Europe, and are due to report their final results in the next few years. ⋯ The knowledge gained from the newer trials has mostly reinforced and refined previous concepts that have formed the basis of existing nodule management guidelines. This article takes the opportunity to summarise the main aspects and initial results of the trials presently underway, assess the status of current collaborative efforts and the scope for future collaboration, and analyse observations from these studies that may usefully inform the management of the indeterminate pulmonary nodule. Key Points • Low dose CT screening for lung cancer is promising. • The effect of LDCT screening on mortality is still uncertain. • Several European randomised controlled trials for LDCT are underway. • The trials vary in methodology but most compare LDCT to no screening. • Preliminary results have reinforced existing nodule management concepts.
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This editorial reviews the way in which the facts related to the safety of iodinated and gadolinium based contrast agents have emerged over the last two decades. This is especially important given their ever increasing usage in modern computed tomographic (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. It also provides a very useful educational resume of this complex subject.