American heart journal
-
American heart journal · Mar 2004
Cardiovascular risk factors for stable angina pectoris versus unheralded myocardial infarction.
Ischemic heart disease can vary substantially in its clinical presentation. Some patients have acute myocardial infarction (MI) without any previous signs of myocardial ischemia, whereas other patients may have stable angina pectoris for years without periods of acute unstability. This study compared baseline risk factors between subjects in whom stable angina pectoris developed and subjects in whom unheralded fatal or nonfatal MI developed during the follow-up period. ⋯ Serum lipid levels were important risk factors for the development of both stable and acute coronary heart disease. In addition, proinsulin levels and blood pressure were independent predictors of unheralded MI only, which suggests that these factors are involved in thrombosis, plaque rupture, or both.
-
American heart journal · Mar 2004
Comparative StudyEvaluation of the ulnopalmar arterial arches with pulse oximetry and plethysmography: comparison with the Allen's test in 1010 patients.
To avoid ischemic hand complications, the percutaneous transradial approach is only performed in patients with patent hand collateral arteries, which is usually evaluated with the modified Allen's test (MAT). This qualitative test measures the time needed for maximal palmar blush after release of the ulnar artery compression with occlusive pressure of the radial artery. The objectives were to evaluate the patency of the hand collateral arteries and to compare MAT with combined plethysmography (PL) and pulse oximetry (OX) tests before the percutaneous transradial approach. ⋯ In the evaluation of hand collaterals, PL and OX were found to be more sensitive than MAT. When applied to transradial approach screening, only 1.5% of patients were not suitable candidates for the transradial approach.
-
American heart journal · Jan 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialRapid loading of sotalol or amiodarone for management of recent onset symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized, digoxin-controlled trial.
Amiodarone and sotalol are commonly used for the maintenance of sinus rhythm, but the efficacy of these agents administered as high-dose infusions for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation is unknown. Use in this context would facilitate drug initiation in patients in whom ongoing prophylactic therapy is indicated. ⋯ The rapid infusion of sotalol or amiodarone in patients with symptomatic recent-onset atrial fibrillation results in rapid control of ventricular rate. Even with high-dose rapid infusions, all 3 agents are associated with a poor overall reversion rate within 12 hours. Almost all patients were returned to sinus rhythm with a combination of pharmacological therapy and electrical cardioversion.
-
American heart journal · Jan 2004
ReviewPeriprocedural thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving chronic anticoagulation therapy.
Patients receiving chronic anticoagulation therapy pose a clinical challenge when therapy needs to be interrupted for surgical or invasive procedures. Maintaining anticoagulation places them at risk for serious bleeding complications, whereas discontinuing anticoagulation puts them at risk of thromboembolic complications. Most patients can undergo dental procedures, cataract surgery, and diagnostic endoscopy without discontinuing anticoagulation. ⋯ As with the use of UFH, there are reports of maternal thromboembolic complications with LMWHs in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. This review brings together the available data on periprocedural bridging to assess the available options for patients on long-term warfarin therapy who are undergoing surgical procedures. It provides a rationale for using LMWHs while individualizing the risks versus benefits in a given patient population.