American heart journal
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American heart journal · Jan 2003
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialDouble-blind comparison between zofenopril and lisinopril in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation-2 (SMILE-2) study.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been reported to be effective in placebo-controlled trials in various subsets of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, no direct comparisons have been performed between different ACE inhibitors in the same patient population. ⋯ The SMILE-2 study demonstrates that both zofenopril and lisinopril are safe and associated with a rather low rate of severe hypotension when given in accordance with a dose-titrated scheme to thrombolyzed patients with acute MI. These findings could have a positive clinical impact and increase the proportion of patients with acute MI who can be safely treated with ACE inhibitors.
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American heart journal · Dec 2002
Race and sex differences in the refusal of cardiac catheterization among elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction.
Prior studies have reported race and sex differences in cardiac catheterization use after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is unclear whether race or sex differences in procedure refusal may contribute to this difference. We sought to determine whether cardiac catheterization refusal rates differ by patient race or sex. ⋯ Patient race and sex were associated with cardiac catheterization refusal among elderly patients hospitalized with AMI. However, absolute race and sex differences in rates of procedure refusal were small, suggesting that race and sex differences in cardiac catheterization refusal provide only a partial explanation of observed differences in cardiac procedure use.
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American heart journal · Dec 2002
Noninvasive estimation of both systolic and diastolic pulmonary artery pressure from Doppler analysis of tricuspid regurgitant velocity spectrum in patients with chronic heart failure.
Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressures usually requires the investigation of both tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitant jets and an estimate of right atrial pressure. A new, noninvasive method to obtain pulmonary diastolic pressure (based on the hemodynamic demonstration that right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure are equal at the time of pulmonary valve opening) from the analysis of tricuspid regurgitation alone has been described in a small cohort of patients. We sought to verify the accuracy of this method in a large population of patients with heart failure. ⋯ The narrow paired difference for the estimate of pulmonary artery systolic pressure and the even better difference for pulmonary artery diastolic pressure using the tricuspid regurgitation velocity curve analysis indicates that this new method reliably estimates invasive right-sided pressures over a wide range of pressure values in patients with heart failure. The overall good correlation with invasive values indicates that Doppler examination of tricuspid regurgitation alone may provide a simple and comprehensive new method for the noninvasive evaluation of right ventricular and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with heart failure.
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American heart journal · Nov 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialEsmolol in acute ischemic syndromes.
beta-Blockers have been shown to reduce both morbidity and mortality rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. However, because of potential side effects, their use is limited in patients who might benefit the most from such therapy. It was thought that the use of an ultra-short-acting intravenous beta-blocker might produce similar results with fewer complications in those patients with relative contraindications to beta-blocker therapy. ⋯ The use of an ultra-short-acting beta-blocker such as esmolol might offer an alternative to patients with contraindications to standard beta-blocker therapy. Although this trial had limited power to detect safety and efficacy differences between the 2 therapies, it was observed that safety end points, which occurred during esmolol administration, resolved readily when the infusions were decreased or discontinued. Additional testing is needed to substantiate these findings.
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American heart journal · Oct 2002
Coronary vascular dysfunction in premenopausal women with diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus abolishes the sex differential in coronary artery disease morbidity and mortality in premenopausal women. This finding is independent of other diabetes-associated risk factors, suggesting that other mechanisms such as impaired coronary vascular function may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in women with diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes on coronary vascular function in premenopausal women. ⋯ These results demonstrate reduced coronary vasodilator function and impaired response of resistance vessels to increased sympathetic stimulation in premenopausal women with diabetes, similar to those observed in healthy postmenopausal women in whom the sex differential in coronary artery disease morbidity and mortality is no longer present.