Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Adjuvant glycerol and/or dexamethasone to improve the outcomes of childhood bacterial meningitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Despite favorable meta-analyses, no study involving third-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of childhood bacterial meningitis has documented a benefit of adjuvant dexamethasone therapy if the outcomes are examined individually. ⋯ Oral glycerol therapy prevents severe neurological sequelae in patients with childhood meningitis. Safety, availability, low cost, and oral administration also add to its usefulness, especially in resource-limited settings.
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The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of febrile episodes during neutropenia following chemotherapy in children with cancer. ⋯ The overall incidence of febrile neutropenia and severe infectious complications in children with cancer is low, with differences according to the aggressiveness of chemotherapy. This fact must be considered when designing clinical trials on the management of infectious complications in children with cancer.
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Recently, serious concerns about extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), which shows resistance to second-line anti-TB drugs in addition to isoniazid and rifampicin, have been raised. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of extensive drug resistance on treatment outcomes in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). ⋯ The presence of extensive drug resistance, the presence of comorbidity, and hypoalbuminemia were independent poor prognostic factors in non-HIV-infected patients with MDR-TB.