Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
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A recent increase in Bordetella pertussis without the pertactin protein, an acellular vaccine immunogen, has been reported in the United States. Determining whether pertactin-deficient (PRN(-)) B. pertussis is evading vaccine-induced immunity or altering the severity of illness is needed. ⋯ The significant association between vaccination and isolate pertactin production suggests that the likelihood of having reported disease caused by PRN(-) compared with PRN(+) strains is greater in vaccinated persons. Additional studies are needed to assess whether vaccine effectiveness is diminished against PRN(-) strains.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Single-dose oritavancin versus 7-10 days of vancomycin in the treatment of gram-positive acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: the SOLO II noninferiority study.
Oritavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with rapid bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria. Its concentration-dependent activity and long half-life allow for single-dose treatment. ⋯ A single 1200-mg dose of oritavancin was noninferior to 7-10 days of vancomycin in treating ABSSSIs caused by gram-positive pathogens, and was well tolerated. Oritavancin provides a single-dose alternative to multidose therapies for the treatment of ABSSSIs. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01252732.
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Bedaquiline is a new antibiotic that was approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. We aimed to evaluate the short-term microbiological efficacy and the tolerability profile of bedaquiline. ⋯ The use of bedaquiline combined with other active drugs has the potential to achieve high culture conversion rates in complicated MDR and XDR tuberculosis cases, with a reassuring safety profile at 6 months of treatment.
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Sepsis is a serious complication of solid organ transplant (SOT). Evidence on survival differences between SOT recipients and non-SOT patients with sepsis is lacking. ⋯ The 28-day and 90-day mortality were significantly decreased for transplant recipients compared with nontransplant patients. These findings suggest that the immunosuppression associated with transplantation may provide a survival advantage to transplant recipients with sepsis through modulation of the inflammatory response.
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Review Meta Analysis
Pneumonia prevention to decrease mortality in intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To determine the strategies of prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia that reduce mortality in intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ Selective digestive decontamination with systemic antimicrobial therapy reduced mortality and should be considered in critically ill patients at high risk for death.