ASAIO journal : a peer-reviewed journal of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs
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We evaluated the results of using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as resuscitation for cardiac patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in our setting where neither perfusionists nor surgeons are always on site, and no circuit may be ready. Between 2003 and 2006, we used ECMO for all cardiac patients who underwent cardiac arrest in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or Cath Laboratory. We reviewed retrospectively 14 consecutive files (15 episodes). ⋯ One patient was bridged to a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and was eventually successfully transplanted. He had an ischemic brain lesion with good recuperation and no sequel. We obtained good results with resuscitation ECMO in our setting where a permanently on-site rapid deployment ECMO team is not present at all times.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of four different pediatric 10F aortic cannulae during pulsatile versus nonpulsatile perfusion in a simulated neonatal model of cardiopulmonary bypass.
We compared four commercially available 10F pediatric aortic cannulae with different geometric designs (DLP-Long tip, DLP-Short tip, RMI-Long tip, and Surgimedics-Short tip) during pulsatile versus nonpulsatile perfusion in terms of pressure drops and surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) levels in an in vitro neonatal model of cardiopulmonary bypass. The pseudo patient was subjected to seven pump flow rates at 100 ml/min increments in the 400-1,000 ml/min range. A total of 44 experiments (n = 22, nonpulsatile; n = 22, pulsatile) were performed at each of the seven flow rates. ⋯ Surgimedics generated a significant lower SHE level when compared with the other three cannulae at all flow rates at both precannula and postcannula sites. The results suggest that different geometries of aortic cannulae have a significant impact on pressure drops of the cannulae as well as hemodynamic energy generation and delivery. Pulsatile perfusion generates more "extra" hemodynamic energy when compared with the nonpulsatile perfusion mode with all four cannulae used in this study.
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Clinical Trial
Moderate hypothermia with low flow rate cardiopulmonary bypass used in surgeries for congenital heart defects.
Low flow rate perfusion has been recommended in profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in recent years. However, most patients with congenital heart defects are still operated on under moderate hypothermic CPB, where high flow rate perfusion has been adopted by most perfusionists. Fifty patients with congenital heart defects, ranging from 1 to 11 yr of age and 6.5 to 25 kg of weight, were included in the trial. ⋯ All patients recovered well after operation. No surgical death or neurologic complications occurred. Low flow rate perfusion might be safely used in moderate hypothermic CPB as long as the oxygen saturation of returned venous blood was kept above 80%.