ASAIO journal : a peer-reviewed journal of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs
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Overwhelming adenovirus infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support carries a high mortality in pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to retrospectively review data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry for pediatric patients with adenovirus infection and define for this patient cohort: 1) clinical characteristics, 2) survival to hospital discharge, and 3) factors associated with mortality before hospital discharge. In this retrospective registry study, pediatric patients with adenovirus infection requiring ECMO support identified in an international ECMO registry from 1998 to 2009 were compared for clinical characteristics (demographics, pre-ECMO variables, and complications on ECMO) between survivors and nonsurvivors to hospital discharge. ⋯ ECMO complications independently associated with in-hospital mortality were presence of pneumothorax (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.19-10.7), pH less than 7.2 (OR, 5.94; 95% CI, 1.04-34.1), and central nervous system hemorrhage (OR, 25.36; 95% CI, 1.47-436.7). In this retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with adenovirus infection supported on ECMO, survival to hospital discharge was 38% but was much lower in neonates. Neonatal presentation, degree of acidosis, sepsis, and increased PIP are factors present before decisions are made regarding a trial of ECMO, whereas pneumothorax and brain hemorrhage were ECMO-related complications independently associated with mortality.
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The objective of this study was to identify types of neonatal diseases associated with prolonged (≥21 days) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), characteristics of survivors and nonsurvivors among those requiring prolonged ECMO, and factors associated with mortality. Data were obtained from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry over the period from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2011, for all neonates (age <31 days), with respiratory failure as the indication for ECMO. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. ⋯ Many of these cases involve CDH. Complications are common with prolonged ECMO, but only receipt of inotropes was shown to be independently associated with mortality. This report may help guide clinical decision making and family counseling for neonates requiring prolonged ECMO support.
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Antithrombin III (ATIII) is used during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) based on physiologic rationale and studies during cardiopulmonary bypass. In February 2008, our institution began using ATIII as replacement for low ATIII activity (<70%) in patients supported with ECMO. We hypothesized that ATIII supplementation would reduce heparin infusion rates, increase unfractionated heparin anti-Xa levels, and prolong ECMO circuit life. ⋯ There was an increased frequency of circuit failure in ATIII treatment group compared with nontreatment group (p = 0.018). Neither heparin responsiveness nor circuit life was enhanced by daily ATIII supplementation for activity <70%. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of antithrombin replacement.
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Pulmonary complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. There is no literature to date on the use of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with pulmonary manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease after HSCT. We describe the successful use of ECMO for refractory respiratory failure in such a patient.
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Patients with group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and decompensated right heart failure (RHF) were not previously considered for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as bridge to transplantation (BTT) or bridge to recovery (BTR) because options were limited by long transplantation wait times and perceived inability to wean ECMO. In a retrospective review, we describe our center's multidisciplinary mechanical-medical approach to ECMO as a bridging therapy for PAH (2009-2012). Suitability for ECMO was determined using a defined algorithm. ⋯ The four patients ineligible for transplantation underwent BTR with escalation of targeted medical therapies before weaning off ECMO. Three of four BTR patients survived to ECMO decannulation (duration, 12 ± 7; range, 7-23 days). In this single-institution experience, mechanical-medical BTT and BTR with ECMO and targeted PAH therapies were used as a novel treatment strategy to successfully manage acute RHF in PAH.