Das Gesundheitswesen
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Recommendations for Physical Activity Promotion: Theory and Evidence].
This article defines a framework for the development of recommendations for physical activity promotion. It aims to provide a theoretical foundation and rationale for classifications of physical activity promotion and approaches for the evidence base of recommendations. Perspectives from contrasting scientific disciplines were compared regarding their theoretical approach for physical activity promotion and their influence on possible classifications. ⋯ From a public health perspective, the use of integrative multi-level-models is fundamental as they can be combined both with different classifications, and individual, social, environmental and policy-based approaches. The evidence base should include the efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intervention. The scientific and political rationale for recommendations for physical activity promotion can be supported by an explicit theoretical framework and a differentiated concept of an evidence base.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Quality Criteria for the Conception, Implementation and Evaluation of Interventions for Physical Activity Promotion: A State-Of-The-Art Review].
The success of an intervention for physical activity promotion depends not only on the use of an evidence-based approach, but also on the quality of its implementation in practice. Based on current recommendations from scientists and public health institutions, this state-of-the-art review summarizes the quality criteria for the conception, implementation and evaluation of interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus. ⋯ From the selected documents, 18 quality criteria were defined (conception: 7, implementation: 7, evaluation: 4). This review provides evidence on the relevance of quality criteria within certain stages of an intervention. Future studies could compare the effect of quality criteria on the success of an intervention, or approach the topic from a health-economic perspective.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Background and Methodology of the Development of German Physical Activity Guidelines].
This paper describes the process used to develop the physical activity guidelines for German children and adolescents (0-17 years), adults (18-64 years), older adults ≥65 years and adults with chronic diseases. The German physical activity guidelines were developed by an interdisciplinary working group based on existing guidelines using a 3-phased process. Phase 1: Systematic literature searches for current physical activity guidelines; expert consultation-based development of quality criteria. ⋯ We identified 66 guidelines scoring ≥60% of the possible rating points in domain A and B as high-quality "source-guidelines" (children and adolescents n=4, adults=16, older adults n=9, 7 chronic diseases n=37). Source-guidelines constitute the database for the development of the German physical activity guidelines. The national physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents, adults, older adults and persons with chronic diseases serve as an evidence-based and quality-controlled basis for physical activity promotion in Germany.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults with a Chronic Disease: Methods, Database and Rationale].
This paper describes the development of generic physical activity recommendations for adults (18-65 years) with a chronic disease. The physical activity recommendations were developed based on existing recommendations using a 3-phased process. Phase 1: Systematic literature searches for current physical activity recommendations for 7 chronic diseases. ⋯ But, people with chronic diseases who have enhanced physical activity levels may also be at increased risk. Nevertheless, adapted, individualized physical activity is safe and with little risk. The generic physical activity recommendations for adults with chronic conditions provide an evidence-based and quality-controlled basis for physical activity promotion of the target group.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
[Preferred Medical Specialties of Medical Students in Contrast to the Need for General Practitioners in Saxony].
Aim of the study: Especially in the rural areas of Germany, there are not enough general practitioners (GPs) for primary care. Preferred medical specialties of medical students can help get an estimate of the number of future GPs. This study compares this estimate to the current need for GPs in Saxony. ⋯ The model calculations show that approximately 29% to 111% of the open positions for GPs could be filled by the potential new GPs from Dresden. Conclusion: Currently, medical students planning to become GPs cannot meet the corresponding need for GPs. Future studies should include the points of view of students, continuing education assistants, GPs and patients.