Internal medicine
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Review Case Reports
Streptococcus Agalactiae Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Streptococcus agalactiae is a rare cause of meningitis in healthy adults. We herein report a case of culture-negative Streptococcus agalactiae meningitis in a healthy adult which was diagnosed using the FilmArray Meningitis and Encephalitis Panel. ⋯ The patient was treated with dexamethasone, vancomycin, and ceftriaxone, and thereafter recovered completely. This report highlights the importance of being aware that Streptococcus agalactiae meningitis can occur in healthy individuals, and summarizes these features.
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Case Reports
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis in Hokkaido: A Case Series.
We retrospectively reviewed the medical histories, examination results, treatments, and prognoses of nine patients with cryptococcal meningitis who were diagnosed and treated at Hokkaido University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals over the past 10 years. Cryptococcal meningitis can develop even in immunocompetent hosts, and its prognosis is poor owing to diagnostic difficulties and delayed treatment. Although liposomal amphotericin B and oral 5-fluorocytosine are standard therapies, voriconazole or intraventricular administration of amphotericin B may also be considered treatment options for refractory patients. Some patients develop delayed exacerbations owing to immunological mechanisms that require steroid therapy.
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Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) is a rare but life-threatening complication of transfusion. We herein report a case of anti-Jkb IgM-related AHTR. ⋯ We confirmed the presence of anti-Jkb IgM in the patient's serum by flow cytometry. This case demonstrates the potential utility of flow cytometry for IgM detection.
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A 74-year-old man experienced diplopia, generalized muscle weakness, and acute respiratory failure. He was diagnosed with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and treated with immunotherapy, but no improvement was observed, and additional symptoms, including central apnea and hallucinations, appeared. ⋯ Although there were no findings of malignancy, it is highly likely that occult small-cell lung carcinoma was present. When atypical symptoms occur in patients with LEMS, it is important to consider the possibility of concomitant autoimmune encephalitis.
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Case Reports
Primary Peritonitis due to Group A Streptococcus Successfully Treated with Intraperitoneal Drainage.
A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of lower abdominal pain and diarrhea. Although the initial symptoms and imaging findings were similar to those of acute enteritis, blood and ascites cultures led to the diagnosis of primary peritonitis caused by group A Streptococcus. ⋯ In the present case, intraperitoneal drainage was effective for avoiding surgery. We suggest that intraperitoneal drainage is effective for the treatment of this disease.