American journal of clinical pathology
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Am. J. Clin. Pathol. · Feb 2015
Comparative StudyLaboratory measurements of the oral direct factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban: comparison of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin generation assay.
Edoxaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, does not require routine monitoring. However, assessment of the anticoagulant effects may be required in certain situations. ⋯ PT had disadvantages of a large variability among different PT reagents. aPTT could be used as a conventional and convenient test with a smaller variation among reagents. Thrombin generation was the most sensitive assay.
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Am. J. Clin. Pathol. · Feb 2015
Adequacy of core needle biopsy specimens and fine-needle aspirates for molecular testing of lung adenocarcinomas.
Molecular testing of lung adenocarcinomas for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations and an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation is important to guide directed therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The goal of this study was to determine whether transthoracic computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens were equally suitable for molecular testing. ⋯ When paraffin-embedded tissue is used for molecular testing of lung cancer, CNB specimens are more likely than FNA specimens to provide adequate tissue for molecular testing. Obtaining a sufficient FNA specimen depends on the tumor size and the individual performing the biopsy.
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Am. J. Clin. Pathol. · Dec 2014
ReviewThe next chapter in patient blood management: real-time clinical decision support.
Blood transfusion was identified by the American Medical Association as one of the top five most frequently overused therapies. Utilization review has been required by accreditation agencies, but retrospective review has been ineffective due to labor-intense resources applied to only a sampling of transfusion events. Electronic medical records have allowed clinical decision support (CDS) to occur via a best practices alert at the critical decision point concurrently with physician order entry. ⋯ We have been able to significantly reduce inappropriate blood transfusions and related costs through an educational initiative coupled with real-time CDS. In deriving increased value out of health care, CDS can be applied to a number of overuse measures in laboratory testing, radiology, and therapy such as antibiotics, as outlined by the American Board of Internal Medicine's Choosing Wisely campaign.
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Am. J. Clin. Pathol. · Nov 2014
ReviewPathology consultation on urine compliance testing and drug abuse screening.
Compliance testing in pain management requires a distinct approach compared with classic clinical toxicology testing. Differences in the patient populations and clinical expectations require modifications to established reporting cutoffs, assay performance expectations, and critical review of how best to apply the available testing methods. Although other approaches to testing are emerging, immunoassay screening followed by mass spectrometry confirmation remains the most common testing workflow for pain management compliance and drug abuse testing. ⋯ Pain management compliance testing is a textbook example of an emerging field requiring open communication between physician and performing laboratory to fully optimize patient care.
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Am. J. Clin. Pathol. · Oct 2014
Comparative StudyThromboelastography is a suboptimal test for determination of the underlying cause of bleeding associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and may not predict a hypercoagulable state.
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are at risk of bleeding. The goal of this investigation was to compare thromboelastography (TEG) with standard coagulation tests (prothrombin time [PT], partial thromboplastin time [PTT], fibrinogen, and D-dimer) in patients with active bleeding. ⋯ TEG had limited utility in identifying the underlying cause of bleeding and was not predictive of postoperative bleeding associated with cardiac surgery compared with conventional coagulation tests. A shortened TEG R time may not represent a hypercoagulable state.