American journal of surgery
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Transaxillary resection of the first rib alone was performed 97 times to relieve symptoms of irritation of the brachial plexus. Persistent or recurrent symptoms occurred in a fifth of the patients (7 and 13 patients, respectively), and necessitated reoperation using the supraclavicular approach. In all patients, at least one anomaly or acquired deformity was found that could not have been identified or safely removed by the original transaxillary approach alone. ⋯ The combined approach allows precise assessment of the thoracic outlet anatomy, facilitates first and cervical rib resection, and permits removal of any additional congenital or acquired lesions. It is associated with a low failure rate and results in few postoperative complications. However, the transaxillary approach alone may be suited for the patient with localized lower plexus symptomatology, keeping in mind the risk of recurrent symptoms associated with this technique.
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Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation combined with endotracheal intubation, vigorous fluid resuscitation, and rapid transport can be effective in resuscitating trauma patients in cardiopulmonary arrest. Survival does not correlate with the injury severity score or transport time once the patient has arrested but does correlate with the mechanism of injury, endotracheal intubation, and placement of intravenous lines.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Penile block for pain relief after circumcision in children. A randomized, prospective trial.
The value of adjunctive penile block for analgesia, after circumcision in children using 0.5 percent bupivacaine has been evaluated in this randomized, prospective trial. Significantly more children without nerve block were found to require analgesics, administered by injection orally, in the first 12 hour period when compared with children given the nerve block. Penile block is a procedure that is safe, simple to achieve, free from complications, and covers the postoperative period when analgesia is much needed.
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The records of 125 consecutive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated between 1958 and 1979 were evaluated to determine the benefit or morbidity of gastroenterostomy performed on a routine basis. One hundred three patients had no evidence of gastric outlet obstruction from tumor extension as determined at the time of initial operation. Fifty-seven of these patients underwent biliary diversion as their only operative procedure. ⋯ Forty-six patients underwent both biliary and prophylactic gastric outlet diversion with a 15 percent mortality rate and a 46 percent incidence of morbidity. The most common complication in this group was delayed gastric emptying (14 percent). These findings, and the high incidence of delayed gastric emptying after gastroenterostomy and the relatively infrequent occurrence of gastric outlet obstruction (11 percent) after initial biliary diversion, suggest that gastroenterostomy should be performed on a selective basis only.
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Comparative Study
Avoidance of artifacts on computerized tomograms by selection of appropriate surgical clips.
Surgical clips (metallic or plastic) are frequently used for hemostasis and tumor marking. This study evaluated the radiographic and computerized tomographic appearance of different clips and their relative interference with computerized tomographic scans. Metallic clips (stainless steel, tantalum, and titanium) can all be seen on plain radiographs. ⋯ Recent studies have suggested that there may be some risk of torsion of stainless steel clips in nuclear magnetic resonance scanners resulting in tissue damage. Absorbable plastic clips cannot be seen on plain film but are visualized on computerized tomographic scans and do not appear to cause scan artifact. Overall, we recommend the use of either titanium hemostatic clips when tumor marking on plain film is required or plastic clips when tumor marking is less important.