Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery
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J Shoulder Elbow Surg · Mar 2012
ReviewA systematic review and comprehensive classification of pectoralis major tears.
Reported descriptions of pectoralis major (PM) injury are often inconsistent with the actual musculotendinous morphology. The literature lacks an injury classification system that is consistently applied and accurately reflects surgically relevant anatomic injury patterns, making meaningful comparison of treatment techniques and outcomes difficult. ⋯ A contemporary injury classification system is proposed that includes (1) injury timing (acute vs chronic), (2) injury location (at the muscle origin or muscle belly, at or between the musculotendinous junction and the tendinous insertion, or bony avulsion), and (3) standardized terminology addressing tear extent (anterior-to-posterior thickness and complete vs incomplete width) to more accurately reflect the musculotendinous morphology of PM injuries and better inform surgical management, rehabilitation, and research.
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J Shoulder Elbow Surg · Mar 2012
Comparative StudyAccuracy of intra-articular injections of the glenohumeral joint through an anterior approach: arthroscopic correlation.
Intra-articular injections of the glenohumeral joint are an important tool for orthopedic surgeons who treat the spectrum of shoulder disorders. Previous studies, however, have suggested that these injections may not be reliably placed intra-articularly in the glenohumeral joint when performed in the office setting and that radiographic assistance may be necessary. This study assessed the accuracy of a glenohumeral injection through an anterior approach with arthroscopic confirmation. ⋯ The results of this study show that an anterior injection into the glenohumeral joint can be accurately placed without radiographic assistance using standard landmarks. The technique used is similar to making a standard rotator interval portal during shoulder arthroscopy; therefore, it is most successful in the hands of experienced shoulder arthroscopists.
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J Shoulder Elbow Surg · Mar 2012
The long term effect of an intra-articular injection of corticosteroids in the acromioclavicular joint.
A prospective study was established to assess the effect of an intra-articular injection of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic into the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. ⋯ The diagnostic value of the injection of a local anaesthetic in the AC joint is immediate. Only 28% have a clear positive result at 1 month; but, this result is sustained at long-term follow-up. There were no complications.