Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 2001
Clinical TrialA novel thermoregulatory system maintains perioperative normothermia in children undergoing elective surgery.
Body heat loss during anaesthesia may result in increased morbidity, particularly in high-risk populations such as children. To avoid hypothermia, a novel thermoregulatory system (Allon) was devised. We tested the safety and efficacy of this system in maintaining normothermia in children undergoing routine surgical procedures. ⋯ Perioperative thermoregulation using the Allon system is safe and effective in maintaining body temperature within a narrow range in children undergoing brief surgical procedures.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe efficacy of oral clonidine premedication in the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children following strabismus surgery.
We evaluated the efficacy of clonidine given orally preoperatively for preventing postoperative vomiting (POV) in children undergoing propofol-nitrous oxide anaesthesia for strabismus surgery. Sixty children, ASA physical status I, aged 2-12 years, received diazepam, 0.4 mg x kg(-1) or clonidine, 4 microg x kg(-1) (n=30 each) orally, in a randomized double-blind manner. ⋯ No clinically adverse event was observed in any of the groups. In summary, pretreatment with oral clonidine enhances the antiemetic efficacy of propofol for the prevention of POV after paediatric strabismus surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialMorphine with or without a local anaesthetic for postoperative intrathecal pain treatment after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children.
Selective dorsal rhizotomy is a surgical procedure with a selective division of posterior spinal nerve rootlets to treat spasticity in children. The extensive surgical procedure with multilevel laminectomies and the nerve root manipulation result in intense pain postoperatively. Two intrathecal (IT) regimes of pain treatment were compared in these children, concerning their pain relief and possible side-effects. ⋯ Bupivacaine/morphine resulted in a lower, but not significant, difference in pruritus and lower muscle spasm. Haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters did not differ between the groups. Intrathecal continuous infusion of bupivacaine and morphine was superior to intermittent morphine in the treatment of pain after selective dorsal rhizotomy operations.
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The purpose of this audit was the evaluation of recovery and discharge times and the identification of perioperative events related to anaesthetics with intravenous ketamine and midazolam. ⋯ Intravenous ketamine plus midazolam is a suitable, simple and fast anaesthetic technique for short, painful ambulatory procedures. Considering the possibility of potentially serious respiratory complications, it should be performed only by qualified anaesthesia staff who are trained in advanced airway management.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSublingual morphine may be a suitable alternative for pain control in children in the postoperative period.
The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effects of sublingual morphine with intravenous morphine in the treatment of postoperative pain following adenotonsillectomy in children. Twenty-nine children scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were randomly assigned to group 1 (n=14) receiving 0.1 mg x kg(-1) sublingual morphine and group 2 (n=15) 0.1 mg x kg(-1) intravenous morphine followed by 1 mg x kg(-1) diclofenac rectally in both groups after induction of anaesthesia. ⋯ There was no statistical significant difference in any of these parameters between the two groups. The results suggest that sublingual morphine may be a suitable alternative to various other routes of opioid administration in children, but further investigations of the sublingual route of administration of opioids in children are required.