Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIs tissue coring a real problem after caudal injection in children.
The aim of this study was to determine whether tissue coring occurs with 22-G hollow needle and 22-G caudal block needle during caudal injection in children, as well as evaluating the nature of the coring material if it did occur. ⋯ The incidence of transporting nucleated epidermal cells with no mitotic activity from stratum spinosum during puncture for caudal block is low and no differences exist between different types of needle used. However, it may also suggest that transporting nucleated cells with mitotic activity from the stratum basale may be possible during caudal puncture.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialJet injector compared with oral midazolam for preoperative sedation in children.
This study compared onset of sedation and satisfaction with two needleless jet injectors with the oral route for the administration of midazolam. ⋯ Despite children being less satisfied with Bioject injection of midazolam, the procedure is safe, effective and provides a more rapid onset of preoperative sedation in children than either the J-Tip injection or oral route.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effect of premedication with OTFC, with or without ondansetron, on postoperative agitation, and nausea and vomiting in pediatric ambulatory patients.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in the pediatric ambulatory surgical population, the efficacy of: (i) oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), when given preoperatively, to reduce postoperative excitement associated with sevoflurane, and (ii) intravenous ondansetron to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) associated with OTFC. ⋯ Even though OTFC reduced early postoperative agitation the increase in side effects, namely PONV and prolonged recovery times, limits its clinical usefulness. The study demonstrates the tradeoffs between anxiety and agitation vs vomiting, respiratory events and prolonged recovery times. Ambulatory pediatric patients undergoing procedures in which opioids would be routinely used might benefit the most from OTFC combined with ondansetron as part of the anesthetic technique.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2004
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialRopivacaine in neonates and infants: a population pharmacokinetic evaluation following single caudal block.
The aims of this study were to evaluate pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of ropivacaine in infants aged 0-12 months following a single caudal injection. ⋯ Following a caudal block with ropivacaine 2 mg x kg(-1) plasma concentrations of unbound ropivacaine were well below threshold levels for toxicity in adults. Apparent volume of distribution is unchanged, apparent unbound clearance increases and the terminal half-life decreases with age in 0-12-month-old neonates and infants. The postoperative pain management provided adequate analgesia and was well tolerated.