Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialPremedication with melatonin vs midazolam in anxious children.
Failure of dental treatment caused by anxiety is a common problem in children. Oral midazolam has been the most commonly used premedication for pediatric patient but the use of midazolam may be associated with paradoxical reactions in children. Melatonin may induce a natural sleepiness and improve sedation. We have investigated premedication with melatonin compared with midazolam in children under nitrous oxide/oxygen (N(2)O/O(2)) sedation for dental treatment. ⋯ In these doses and clinical conditions, melatonin was similar to that of placebo and did not contribute to N(2)O/O(2) sedation of anxious children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Upper airway dimensions in children using rigid video-bronchoscopy and a computer software: description of a measurement technique.
Pediatric airway management decisions are based primarily on results derived from indirect measures of laryngeal and tracheal dimensions. More recent methods could provide more direct information about absolute and relative changes in airway dimensions associated with growth and development. ⋯ The video-bronchoscopic imaging method provided an accurate, reliable measure of pediatric airway dimensions. This technique could be applied to assess absolute and relative airway size associated with growth and development. The relationship between glottic and cricoid dimensions during growth and development in children needs further investigation across various age groups.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Comparative StudyDetermining the accuracy of caudal needle placement in children: a comparison of the swoosh test and ultrasonography.
The aim of the present study was to compare two confirmatory tests - the 'swoosh' test (auscultation during caudal injection) and real time ultrasound imaging (both transverse 2D imaging and color flow Doppler imaging) in pediatric patients receiving a caudal epidural block. ⋯ Ultrasonography is superior to the 'swoosh' test as an objective confirmatory technique during caudal block placement in children. We found the presence or absence of turbulence during injection within the caudal space to be the best single indicator of caudal success. We think ultrasonography should be used, if available, when teaching this technique.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Wet forced-air warming blankets are ineffective at maintaining normothermia.
Forced-air warming systems have proven effective in preventing perioperative hypothermia. To date, reported adverse events relate primarily to overheating and thermal injuries. This study uses a simple model to show that forced-air warming blankets become ineffective if they get wet. ⋯ A wet forced-air warming blanket is ineffective at maintaining normothermia. Once wet, the warming blanket resulted in cooling similar to the control group.