Paediatric anaesthesia
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Details of the development of conventional analytical methods for the determination of drugs in pediatric plasma/serum samples via microassays are presented. Examples of the development of small-volume sampling and the use of the newer detection systems such as LC/MS/MS for enhanced detection are presented. Dried blood spot sampling has conventionally been used for the study of inborn errors of metabolism using Guthrie cards. ⋯ The application of the methodology in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies is discussed. The utilization of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction in drug analysis is presented. Clinical applications of these methodologies are reported including the development of in vivo solid-phase microextraction.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2011
Resurgence in the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in pediatric clinical pharmacology: parallel shift in incorporating the knowledge of biological elements and increased applicability to drug development and clinical practice.
(i) To describe an example of the development work required for building a 'pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic' (P-PBPK) model (Simcyp Pediatric ADME Simulator), (ii) to replicate pediatric clinical studies and undertake theoretical studies to show the potential applications of mechanistic PBPK in pediatric drug clinical investigation and practice, with emphasis on pediatric anesthesia. ⋯ The examples highlight the use of prior knowledge of in vitro drug attributes and biology of the system (human body) to simulate PK and multiple DDI scenarios not infrequently encountered in critically ill pediatric patients.