Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2011
Aspects of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sufentanil in pediatric practice.
Sufentanil is a potent synthetic opioid. Like other opioids, sufentanil creates a stable hemodynamic environment in cardiovascularly compromised pediatric patients. Clearance, expressed as per kilogram, is increased in children compared to adults. ⋯ The free active fraction is affected by age because of the reduced α(1) -acid glycoprotein plasma concentrations in neonates. Intranasal administration of sufentanil is a possible option for premedication, procedural sedation and analgesia in children, as this option has been found to be safe and effective. Studies concerning the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of sufentanil administered as a bolus or continuous infusion in children are few.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2011
Resurgence in the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in pediatric clinical pharmacology: parallel shift in incorporating the knowledge of biological elements and increased applicability to drug development and clinical practice.
(i) To describe an example of the development work required for building a 'pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic' (P-PBPK) model (Simcyp Pediatric ADME Simulator), (ii) to replicate pediatric clinical studies and undertake theoretical studies to show the potential applications of mechanistic PBPK in pediatric drug clinical investigation and practice, with emphasis on pediatric anesthesia. ⋯ The examples highlight the use of prior knowledge of in vitro drug attributes and biology of the system (human body) to simulate PK and multiple DDI scenarios not infrequently encountered in critically ill pediatric patients.