Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2013
Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block for pyloromyotomy in infants: a retrospective analysis of a case series.
To analyze the applicability of US-guided rectus sheath block and to find out the efficacy of analgesia provided using this method without the need for opioids in conventional Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) surgery in infants. ⋯ US-guided rectus sheath block seems to be a simple and quick method for the provision of intra- and postoperative analgesia in infants undergoing conventional HPS surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2013
Tobacco control education in pediatric anesthesiology fellowships.
Cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) increase the risk of perioperative complications. Traditionally, anesthesiologists have limited involvement in tobacco control. ⋯ Many pediatric anesthesiology fellowship directors agree that exposure to cigarette smoke adversely impacts patients in the perioperative period, but few participate in tobacco control, and issues germane to tobacco control are not consistently addressed.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2013
Effects of sevoflurane on the expression of tau protein mRNA and Ser396/404 site in the hippocampus of developing rat brain.
General anesthesia induces a transient hyperphosphorylation of tau protein that is associated with neurotoxicity in neonatal rats, but the mechanism remains unknown. The current study sought to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the levels of tau phosphorylation at phosphor-Ser396/404 and total tau mRNA in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. ⋯ In rat hippocampus, sevoflurane was associated with microtubular disarray as well as increased levels of tau mRNA and excessive phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser396 and Ser404. This implicates that sevoflurane may induce neurotoxicity.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2013
Ultrasound-guided approach to the paravertebral space for catheter insertion in infants and children.
Paravertebral perineural blocks are used to prevent pain in the thoracoabdominal dermatomes. Traditionally, a landmark-based technique is used in children, while ultrasound-guided (UG) techniques are being employed in adult patients. ⋯ This technical description demonstrates the feasibility of placing PVNB catheters using a transverse in-line ultrasound-guided technique in a wide range of pediatric patients.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2013
Pupillary reflex dilatation and analgesia nociception index monitoring to assess the effectiveness of regional anesthesia in children anesthetised with sevoflurane.
Pupillary diameter (PD) monitoring and Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) (Metrodoloris, Lille, France), an online wavelet transform-based heart rate variability index, have been used in the assessment of pain. ⋯ Both PD and ANI rapidly change after skin incision in case of RA failure. These indices may provide a useful tool alone, or in combination with heart rate changes in the assessment of RA efficacy in children anesthetised with sevoflurane.