Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2015
The pressure drop across the endotracheal tube in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients.
During mechanical ventilation, the airway pressure (Paw) is usually monitored. However, Paw comprises the endotracheal tube (ETT)-related pressure drop (∆PETT ) and thus does not reflect the pressure in the patients' lungs. Therefore, monitoring of mechanical ventilation should be based on the tracheal pressure (Ptrach ). We systematically investigated potential factors influencing ∆PETT in pediatric ETTs. ⋯ Paw and Ptrach differ considerably (by ∆PETT ) during mechanical ventilation of pediatric patients. The ETTs' ID, tube length, and manufacturer type are significant factors for ∆PETT and should be taken into account when Paw is valuated. For this purpose, Ptrach can be continuously calculated with good precision by means of the Rohrer approximation.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2015
Effect of a neck collar on upper airway size in children sedated with propofol-midazolam combination during magnetic resonance imaging.
Propofol and midazolam are widely used for pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sedation. Increasing depth of sedation may be associated with airway obstruction. A neck collar supporting the mandible and maintaining the head in slight extension may be beneficial in maintaining airway patency. ⋯ Application of a soft neck collar in children aged 2-4 years may enhance the retropalatal and retroglossal airway dimensions during pediatric sedation in the supine position.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2015
Letter Case ReportsRisks of fixed-angle supraglottic airways in infants.