Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialHaemodynamic responses to sevoflurane compared with halothane during inhalational induction in children.
We studied the haemodynamic changes during induction of anaesthesia in 50 ASA I and II children (1-12 yrs) undergoing minor elective surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive either halothane (n = 25) or sevoflurane (n = 25) in a mixture of O2 and N2O (40:60) for mask induction of anaesthesia. ⋯ No serious complications were observed. The authors conclude that more children experienced heart rate and blood pressure increases during the early stage of inhalational induction with sevoflurane compared with halothane.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialOral premedication with midazolam in paediatric anaesthesia. Effects on sedation and gastric contents.
The aim of this study was to assess oral premedication with midazolam in paediatric anaesthesia. Sedation, quality of induction, recovery time, acceptance and effects on gastric contents were analysed. This prospective, double blind, at random and controlled study was performed in 107 children, aged between three and ten years. ⋯ The recovery time was similar for the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in gastric pH or residual volume among the three groups. It is concluded that midazolam given by mouth is an efficient and safe drug for premedication in paediatric anaesthesia.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialDoes thiopentone delay recovery in children premedicated with midazolam?
This prospective, randomized trial of paediatric surgical outpatients, premedicated with oral midazolam, was designed to determine if an intravenous thiopentone induction of anaesthesia prolongs postoperative recovery compared to an inhalation induction with halothane. One hundred children, one to ten years of age, undergoing ENT surgical procedures of 30-60 min duration received midazolam 0.5 mg.kg-1 with atropine 0.03 mg.kg-1 and were randomized to either halothane (Group 1, n = 50) or a thiopentone induction (Group 2, n = 50) technique, followed by a standardized anaesthetic-protocol. ⋯ Patients receiving thiopentone were also more sedated than the halothane group on arrival in the PARR (3.9 +/- 1.5, 3.3 +/- 1.7, respectively P < 0.05), but the differences disappeared after 30 min. Children premedicated with oral midazolam who receive an intravenous thiopentone induction have a slightly prolonged emergence from anesthesia compared to children induced with halothane.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery.
The analgesic efficacy and safety of propacetamol, an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen, (paracetamol) were studied in 87 children (36 boys, 51 girls; age 6-13; mean age 9.5 years) immediately after limb surgery. Using a double-blind, randomized, parallel group design, the effects of a single IV infusion of 30 mg.kg-1 propacetamol (i.e. 15 mg.kg-1 acetaminophen) were compared with a single injection of placebo (PL). ⋯ Propacetamol was statistically superior to placebo on all assessment criteria. Seven side-effects were recorded: five in the propacetamol group and two in the placebo group. 30 mg.kg-1 propacetamol provided a significantly greater analgesic effect than placebo in children after orthopaedic surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEvaluation of awakening and recovery characteristics following anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and halothane fentanyl or both for brief outpatient procedures in infants.
This study compared recovery characteristics and postoperative ventilatory function when halothane, fentanyl or combination of halothane and fentanyl in addition to N2O were used for intraoperative anaesthesia in term infants undergoing hernia repair as outpatients. Sixty-six full term ASA PS I infants ages 1-12 months were studied. All received inhalation induction with N2O, O2 and halothane, followed by intravenous atropine and atracurium, tracheal intubation, and controlled ventilation. ⋯ SpO2 < 90% and TcCO2 > 9 kPa (70 mmHg) was more common in infants receiving 2 and 10 micrograms.kg-1 fentanyl than in infants receiving halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Infants < 3 months old did not have a higher incidence of SpO2 < 90% or significantly higher TcCO2 values when compared to infants > 3 months old. Fentanyl in doses used in this study did not prolong awakening time but did prolong recovery and discharge times in outpatient infants.