Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2018
Clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for extubation failure in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Infants after surgical correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia are at high risk for extubation failure, but little is known about contributing factors. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze clinical and echocardiographic parameters. ⋯ Our results demonstrate that extubation failure in infants with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with several clinical and echocardiographic risk factors.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2018
Observational StudyUltrasound assessment of the prevalence of increased gastric contents and volume in elective pediatric patients: A prospective cohort study.
Though pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents occurs mainly in the setting of emergency surgery, it may also occur in children scheduled for elective surgery without any obvious clinical risk factor. Increased gastric content volume is one the predisposing factors for pulmonary aspiration that could affect such children and may be identified using ultrasound examination of the gastric antrum. ⋯ According to our results, only 1% of elective children had potentially increased risk for pulmonary aspiration. Further studies should be performed in order to define the target population of elective children for which ultrasound assessment of gastric content should be performed prior to general anesthesia.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2018
Determining the extent of the dural sac for the performance of caudal epidural blocks in newborns.
Information regarding the position and relationship of vital structures within the caudal canal is important for anesthesiologists who perform a caudal block. This information can be acquired by anatomical dissection, with ultrasound technology, or radiological studies. ⋯ Anesthesiologists should be aware of the short distance between the sacral hiatus and the dural sac when performing caudal blocks, the shortest distance was 4.94 mm. Armed with this knowledge, caudal techniques should be modified to improve the safety and reduce the risk of complications, such as dural puncture.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialCaudal and intravenous dexmedetomidine similarly prolong the duration of caudal analgesia in children: A randomized controlled trial.
Dexmedetomidine can prolong the duration of action of a local anesthetic agent, but the route of administration that is the most beneficial remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of caudal or intravenous dexmedetomidine administration on postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair given caudal levobupivacaine. ⋯ Caudal and IV dexmedetomidine similarly prolong the duration of analgesia produced by caudal levobupivacaine.